거칠다

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Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459. as Middle Korean 거츨다 (kechulta), from reconstructed Old Korean *kechil, hypothesized on the evidence of proper noun alternation in the twelfth-century history Samguk sagi where the phonogramic sequence 居柒 (*kɨʌ t͡sʰiɪt̚) alternates with the logogram 萊 (“uncultivated”) in the names of places and individuals.[1]

Pronunciation

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?geochilda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?geochilda
McCune–Reischauer?kŏch'ilda
Yale Romanization?ke.chilta

Adjective

거칠다 • (geochilda) (infinitive 거칠어, sequential 거치니)

  1. to be rough or coarse in texture
  2. to be rough or coarse in manner
    그녀는 거친 운동을 싫어해요.
    geunyeoneun geochin undong'eul sireohaeyo.
    She hates rough (violent) sports.
  3. (of a landscape or seascape) to be wild or desolate

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 거칠다 (geochilda): consonant-stem, ㄹ(l)-irregular
Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체) 		Informal non-polite
(해체) 		Informal polite
(해요체) 		Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 거칠다
geochilda 		거칠어
geochireo 		거칠어요
geochireoyo 		거칩니다
geochimnida
Past 거칠었다
geochireotda 		거칠었어
geochireosseo 		거칠었어요
geochireosseoyo 		거칠었습니다
geochireotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 거치냐
geochinya 		거칠어
geochireo 		거칠어요
geochireoyo 		거칩니까
geochimnikka
Past 거칠었냐
geochireonnya 		거칠었어
geochireosseo 		거칠었어요
geochireosseoyo 		거칠었습니까
geochireotseumnikka
Assertive 거칠겠다
geochilgetda		 거칠겠어
geochilgesseo		 거칠겠어요
geochilgesseoyo		 거칠겠습니다
geochilgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 거칠어
geochireo		 거칠어서
geochireoseo		 거치니
geochini		 거치니까
geochinikka
Contrast 거칠지만
geochiljiman		 거친데
geochinde		 거칠더니
geochildeoni
Conjunction 거칠고
geochilgo
Condition 거칠면
geochilmyeon		 거칠어야
geochireoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 거칢
geochim		 거칠기
geochilgi
Past-tense verbal nouns 거칠었음
geochireosseum		 거칠었기
geochireotgi
Determiners Present 거친
geochin
Future 거칠
geochil


Sentence-final forms with honorific
Plain (해라체) Informal (해체) Polite (해요체) Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 거치시다
geochisida 		거치셔
geochisyeo 		거치세요, 거치셔요
geochiseyo, geochisyeoyo 		거치십니다
geochisimnida
Past 거치셨다
geochisyeotda 		거치셨어
geochisyeosseo 		거치셨어요
geochisyeosseoyo 		거치셨습니다
geochisyeotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 거치시냐
geochisinya 		거치셔
geochisyeo 		거치세요, 거치셔요
geochiseyo, geochisyeoyo 		거치십니까
geochisimnikka
Past 거치셨냐
geochisyeonnya 		거치셨어
geochisyeosseo 		거치셨어요
geochisyeosseoyo 		거치셨습니까
geochisyeotseumnikka
Assertive 거치시겠다
geochisigetda		 거치시겠어
geochisigesseo		 거치시겠어요
geochisigesseoyo		 거치시겠습니다
geochisigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason 거치셔
geochisyeo		 거치셔서
geochisyeoseo		 거치시니
geochisini		 거치시니까
geochisinikka
Contrast 거치시지만
geochisijiman		 거치신데
geochisinde		 거치시더니
geochisideoni
Conjunction 거치시고
geochisigo
Condition 거치시면
geochisimyeon		 거치셔야
geochisyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns 거치심
geochisim		 거치시기
geochisigi
Past-tense verbal nouns 거치셨음
geochisyeosseum		 거치셨기
geochisyeotgi
Determiners Present 거치신
geochisin
Future 거치실
geochisil

See also

References

  1. ^ “『三国史記』記載の新羅の地名・人名等より見た古代新羅語の考察 (On the Ancient Language of Shiragi as Reflected in Shiragi Place- and Personal Names in The Sangokushiki)”, in 文藝言語研究. 言語篇 5‎, 1981 March, pages 52-53
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