괴다

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Korean

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): ~
  • Phonetic hangul:
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?goeda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?goeda
McCune–Reischauer?koeda
Yale Romanization?kōyta

Etymology 1

First attested in the Won'gakgyeong eonhae (圓覺經諺解 / 원각경언해), 1465, as Middle Korean ᄀᆞᆸ다 (Yale: kopta). Cognate with Jeju 궤다 (gweda).

Verb

괴다 (goeda) (infinitive or 괴어, sequential 괴니)

  1. to pool, to form a puddle
Synonyms

Etymology 2

First attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446, as Middle Korean 괴다 (Yale: kwoyta). Cognate with Jeju 궤다 (gweda) and possible cognate with Japanese こい (Koi)

Verb

괴다 (goeda) (infinitive or 괴어, sequential 괴니)

  1. (archaic or obsolete) to love; to dote on
    • c. 1790, 樂學拾零 (Akhak Seumnyeong) [Tidbits of the Musical Sciences]:
      가다가 올지라도 오다가 가지 마소
      뮈다가 괼지라도 괴다가 뮈지 마소
      gadaga oljirado odaga gaji maso
      mwidaga goeljirado goedaga mwiji maso
      You can be about to go, then come back; but don't be about to to come, then go.
      You can hate me, then love me next; but don't love me, then hate me next.
  2. (North Korea, chiefly negative, derogatory) to venerate
Synonyms

Conjugation

Middle Korean

Pronunciation

Verb

괴〯다〮 (kwǒytá) (infinitive 괴여〮 (kwòyyé), sequential 괴〯니〮 (kwǒyní))

  1. to love (often but not always romantic)
    Synonyms: ᄃᆞᆺ〯다〮 (tǒstá, especially non-romantically), ᄉᆞ라ᇰᄒᆞ다〮 (sòlàng-hòtá)
    • 1500s [1300s], “서경별곡/西京別曲 [Seogyeong byeolgok]”, in 악장가사/樂章歌詞 [Akjang Gasa]:
      괴시란ᄃᆡ 아즐가 괴시란ᄃᆡ 우러곰 좃니노ᅌᅵ다
      kwoysilantoy aculka kwoysilantoy wule-kwom cwosninwongita
      If you only loved me, oh, if you only loved me, I would chase after you as I wept.
    • 1500s [1300s?], “사모곡/思母曲 [Samo-gok]”, in 악장가사/樂章歌詞 [Akjang Gasa]:
      아바님도 어이어신 마ᄅᆞᄂᆞᆫ 어마님 ᄀᆞ티 괴시리 업세라
      apa-nim-two ei-Gesin malonon ema-nim kothi kwoysil_i epseyla
      My father is my parent, too, but there is none who can love me like my mother does.
    • 1500s [1400s?], “삼성대왕/三城大王”, in 시용향악보/時用鄕樂譜 [Siyong hyang'akbo]:
      다롱다리 ()()()() 녜라와 괴쇼셔
      talwongtali SAM.SYENG.TAY.WANG nyey-lawoa kwoysyosye
      Talwongtali, Great King of the Three Towns ! Favor us more than before.

Descendants

  • Korean: 괴다 (goeda)
  • Jeju: 궤다 (gweda)