내

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See also: 내- and -내
내 U+B0B4, 내
HANGUL SYLLABLE NAE
Composition:ㄴ + ㅐ
← 낳
 		Hangul Syllables 낵 →
내낵낶낷낸낹낺
낻낼낽낾낿냀냁
냂냃냄냅냆냇냈
냉냊냋냌냍냎냏
나 ←→ 냐

Korean

Etymology 1

내 (nae, “stream”)

First attested as eighth-century Old Korean 川理 (*NAri); the Old Korean form is also given directly in Dongdong, an archaic poem in the 1493 collection Akhak gwebeom (樂學軌範 / 악학궤범), as 나리 (Yale: nali).

In the Hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 냏〯 (Yale: nǎyh).

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): ~
  • Phonetic hangul:
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?nae
Revised Romanization (translit.)?nae
McCune–Reischauer?nae
Yale Romanization?nāy

Noun

내 • (nae)

  1. (now chiefly literary or poetic) stream, brook
    Synonym: 개천(開川) (gaecheon)
    내가 흐르다 ― nae-ga heureuda ― for a stream to flow
Derived terms
See also

Etymology 2

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 내〮 (Yale: náy).

Pronunciation

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?nae
Revised Romanization (translit.)?nae
McCune–Reischauer?nae
Yale Romanization?nay

Noun

내 • (nae)

  1. smell, scent
    Synonym: 냄새 (naemsae)
    빵에서 고소한 내가 풍긴다. ― Ppang-eseo goso-han nae-ga pungginda. ― From the bread a sweet scent is given off.
Usage notes
  • Typically used in compounds; 냄새 (naemsae) is more commonly used alone.
Derived terms

Etymology 3

From Middle Korean 내〮 (ná-y).

Equivalent to a contraction of 나 (na, “I; me”, plain first-person pronoun) +‎ 이 (-i, nominative particle). When the 가 (-ga) allomorph of the nominative particle was introduced, it was attached to the already marked form of 나 (na), producing this new allomorphy. This doubly nominative-marked form was first attested in the Ineo daebang (隣語大方 / 인어대방), a 1790 Korean–Japanese textbook (Lee and Ramsey 2011, p. 273).

Pronunciation

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?nae
Revised Romanization (translit.)?nae
McCune–Reischauer?nae
Yale Romanization?nay

Pronoun

내 • (nae)

  1. allomorph of 나 (na, plain first-person pronoun) before 가 (-ga, nominative suffix)
    Synonym: (humble) 제 (je)

Etymology 4

From Middle Korean 내 (này).

Pronunciation

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?nae
Revised Romanization (translit.)?nae
McCune–Reischauer?nae
Yale Romanization?nay

Determiner

내 • (nae)

  1. Contraction of 나의 (na-ui): my
    Synonym: (humble) 제 (je)
    내 기억이 맞다면 그는 교사였다. ― Nae gieog-i matdamyeon geu-neun gyosa-yeotda. ― If my memory serves me right, he was a teacher.

Etymology 5

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean ᄂᆡ〮 (Yale: nóy).

Displaced by Sino-Korean 연기(煙氣) (yeon'gi), as the general word for "smoke".

Pronunciation

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?nae
Revised Romanization (translit.)?nae
McCune–Reischauer?nae
Yale Romanization?nay

Noun

내 • (nae)

  1. (now uncommon) smoke
    Synonym: 연기(煙氣) (yeon'gi)
    내를 맡다/마시다 ― nae-reul matda/masida ― to inhale smoke
See also

Etymology 6

Sino-Korean word from 內.

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): ~
  • Phonetic hangul:
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?nae
Revised Romanization (translit.)?nae
McCune–Reischauer?nae
Yale Romanization?nāy

Dependent noun

내 • (nae) (hanja 內)

  1. inside (an area or space)
    Synonym: 안 (an)
    Antonym: 외(外) (oe)
    사무실 내에서는 흡연 금지입니다. ― Samusil nae-eseo-neun heubyeon geumji-imnida. ― Smoking is forbidden in the office.
  2. within (a certain time or limit)
    Synonym: 안 (an)
    Antonym: 외(外) (oe)
    과제는 금주 내로 제출해야 됩니다. ― Gwaje-neun geumju nae-ro jechul-haeya doemnida. ― The assignment must be submitted by the end of the week.
Derived terms

Prefix

내— • (nae-) (hanja 內)

  1. internal
    Antonym: 외(外) (oe-)
    ‎내(內) (nae-) + ‎출혈(出血) (chulhyeol, “bleeding”) → ‎내출혈(內出血) (naechulhyeol, “internal bleeding”)

Etymology 7

First attested in the Dongguk sinsok samgang haengsildo (東國新續三綱行實圖 / 동국신속삼강행실도), 1617, as Early Modern Korean 내 (Yale: nay).

See 내 (-nae, “through, throughout”), the suffix form.

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): ~
  • Phonetic hangul:
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?nae
Revised Romanization (translit.)?nae
McCune–Reischauer?nae
Yale Romanization?nāy

Adverb

내 • (nae)

  1. through, throughout, all the time
Derived terms
  • 내내 (naenae, reduplication)

Etymology 8

Pronoun

내 • (nae)

  1. Gyeongsang form of 나 (na, “I, me”)
    내한테 도라 ― nae-hante dora ― give it to me

Etymology 9

Reading of various Chinese characters.

Syllable

내 (nae)

Extended content
  1. 內: inside; within
    (eumhun reading: 안 내 (an nae))
    (MC reading: 內 (MC nwojH))
  2. 乃: then; really, indeed; after all
    (eumhun reading: 이에 내 (ie nae))
    (MC reading: 乃 (MC nojX))
  3. 奈: but; how
    (eumhun reading: 어찌 내 (eojji nae))
    (MC reading: 奈 (MC najH))
  4. 耐: endure; resist; patient
    (eumhun reading: 견딜 내 (gyeondil nae))
    (MC reading: 耐 (MC nojH))
Extended content
  1. 來:
    (MC reading: 來 (MC loj))
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