First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 다티〮다〮 (Yale: tàthí-tá).
닫 (dat-, “to close, to shut”) + 히 (-hi-, passive suffix) + 다 (-da, suffix conventionally given for citation forms).
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | dachida |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | dadhida |
| McCune–Reischauer? | tach'ida |
| Yale Romanization? | tat.hita |
| Base | 닫다 (datda) |
|---|---|
| Passive | 닫히다 (dachida) |
닫히다 • (dachida) (infinitive 닫혀 or 닫히어, sequential 닫히니) (intransitive)
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 닫힌다 dachinda |
닫혀 dacheo |
닫혀요, 닫히어요 dacheoyo, dachieoyo |
닫힙니다 dachimnida |
| Past | 닫혔다 dacheotda |
닫혔어 dacheosseo |
닫혔어요 dacheosseoyo |
닫혔습니다 dacheotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 닫히느냐 dachineunya |
닫혀 dacheo |
닫혀요, 닫히어요 dacheoyo, dachieoyo |
닫힙니까 dachimnikka |
| Past | 닫혔느냐 dacheonneunya |
닫혔어 dacheosseo |
닫혔어요 dacheosseoyo |
닫혔습니까 dacheotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 닫히자 dachija |
닫혀 dacheo |
닫혀요, 닫히어요 dacheoyo, dachieoyo |
닫히십시다 dachisipsida | |
| Imperative | 닫혀라, 닫히어라 dacheora, dachieora |
닫혀 dacheo |
닫혀요, 닫히어요 dacheoyo, dachieoyo |
닫힙시오 dachipsio | |
| Assertive | 닫히겠다 dachigetda |
닫히겠어 dachigesseo |
닫히겠어요 dachigesseoyo |
닫히겠습니다 dachigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 닫혀 dacheo |
닫혀서, 닫히어서 dacheoseo, dachieoseo |
닫히니 dachini |
닫히니까 dachinikka | |
| Contrast | 닫히지만 dachijiman |
닫히는데 dachineunde |
닫히더니 dachideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 닫히고 dachigo |
||||
| Condition | 닫히면 dachimyeon |
닫혀야, 닫히어야 dacheoya, dachieoya |
|||
| Motive | 닫히려고 dachiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 닫힘 dachim |
닫히기 dachigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 닫혔음, 닫히었음 dacheosseum, dachieosseum |
닫혔기, 닫히었기 dacheotgi, dachieotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 닫힌 dachin | |||
| Present | 닫히는 dachineun | ||||
| Future | 닫힐 dachil | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 닫히신다 dachisinda |
닫히셔 dachisyeo |
닫히세요, 닫히셔요 dachiseyo, dachisyeoyo |
닫히십니다 dachisimnida |
| Past | 닫히셨다 dachisyeotda |
닫히셨어 dachisyeosseo |
닫히셨어요 dachisyeosseoyo |
닫히셨습니다 dachisyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 닫히시느냐 dachisineunya |
닫히셔 dachisyeo |
닫히세요, 닫히셔요 dachiseyo, dachisyeoyo |
닫히십니까 dachisimnikka |
| Past | 닫히셨느냐 dachisyeonneunya |
닫히셨어 dachisyeosseo |
닫히셨어요 dachisyeosseoyo |
닫히셨습니까 dachisyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 닫히시라 dachisira |
닫히셔 dachisyeo |
닫히세요 dachiseyo |
닫히십시오 dachisipsio | |
| Assertive | 닫히시겠다 dachisigetda |
닫히시겠어 dachisigesseo |
닫히시겠어요 dachisigesseoyo |
닫히시겠습니다 dachisigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 닫히셔 dachisyeo |
닫히셔서 dachisyeoseo |
닫히시니 dachisini |
닫히시니까 dachisinikka | |
| Contrast | 닫히시지만 dachisijiman |
닫히시는데 dachisineunde |
닫히시더니 dachisideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 닫히시고 dachisigo |
||||
| Condition | 닫히시면 dachisimyeon |
닫히셔야 dachisyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 닫히시려고 dachisiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 닫히심 dachisim |
닫히시기 dachisigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 닫히셨음 dachisyeosseum |
닫히셨기 dachisyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 닫히신 dachisin | |||
| Present | 닫히시는 dachisineun | ||||
| Future | 닫히실 dachisil | ||||