덥다

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Jeju

Etymology

Cognate with Korean 덥다 (deopda).

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /təp̚t͈a̠/

Adjective

덥다 (deopda)

  1. (to be) hot, warm

Synonyms

References

  • “덥다” in Jeju's culture and language, Digital museum.

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 덥〯다〮 (Yale: těptá).

Possible cognates include Japanese 灯す (tomosu, “to light”) and Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“to be hot, warm”).

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key):
  • Phonetic hangul:
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?deopda
Revised Romanization (translit.)?deobda
McCune–Reischauer?tŏpta
Yale Romanization?tēpta

Adjective

덥다 • (deopda) (irregular, infinitive 더워, sequential 더우니)

  1. to be hot (of the weather or outside temperature)
    Antonym: 춥다 (chupda)
    날씨가 덥지 않아요?
    nalssiga deopji anayo?
    Isn't the weather hot?
  2. (dated) to be hot (of an object)
    Synonym: (used nowadays) 뜨겁다 (tteugeopda)

Conjugation

    Selected forms of the adjective 덥다 (deopda): consonant-stem, ㅂ(b)-irregular
Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체) 		Informal non-polite
(해체) 		Informal polite
(해요체) 		Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 덥다
deopda 		더워
deowo 		더워요
deowoyo 		덥습니다
deopseumnida
Past 더웠다
deowotda 		더웠어
deowosseo 		더웠어요
deowosseoyo 		더웠습니다
deowotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 더우냐
deounya 		더워
deowo 		더워요
deowoyo 		덥습니까
deopseumnikka
Past 더웠냐
deowonnya 		더웠어
deowosseo 		더웠어요
deowosseoyo 		더웠습니까
deowotseumnikka
Assertive 덥겠다
deopgetda		 덥겠어
deopgesseo		 덥겠어요
deopgesseoyo		 덥겠습니다
deopgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 더워
deowo		 더워서
deowoseo		 더우니
deouni		 더우니까
deounikka
Contrast 덥지만
deopjiman		 더운데
deounde		 덥더니
deopdeoni
Conjunction 덥고
deopgo
Condition 더우면
deoumyeon		 더워야
deowoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 더움
deoum		 덥기
deopgi
Past-tense verbal nouns 더웠음
deowosseum		 더웠기
deowotgi
Determiners Present 더운
deoun
Future 더울
deoul


Sentence-final forms with honorific
Plain (해라체) Informal (해체) Polite (해요체) Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 더우시다
deousida 		더우셔
deousyeo 		더우세요, 더우셔요
deouseyo, deousyeoyo 		더우십니다
deousimnida
Past 더우셨다
deousyeotda 		더우셨어
deousyeosseo 		더우셨어요
deousyeosseoyo 		더우셨습니다
deousyeotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 더우시냐
deousinya 		더우셔
deousyeo 		더우세요, 더우셔요
deouseyo, deousyeoyo 		더우십니까
deousimnikka
Past 더우셨냐
deousyeonnya 		더우셨어
deousyeosseo 		더우셨어요
deousyeosseoyo 		더우셨습니까
deousyeotseumnikka
Assertive 더우시겠다
deousigetda		 더우시겠어
deousigesseo		 더우시겠어요
deousigesseoyo		 더우시겠습니다
deousigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason 더우셔
deousyeo		 더우셔서
deousyeoseo		 더우시니
deousini		 더우시니까
deousinikka
Contrast 더우시지만
deousijiman		 더우신데
deousinde		 더우시더니
deousideoni
Conjunction 더우시고
deousigo
Condition 더우시면
deousimyeon		 더우셔야
deousyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns 더우심
deousim		 더우시기
deousigi
Past-tense verbal nouns 더우셨음
deousyeosseum		 더우셨기
deousyeotgi
Determiners Present 더우신
deousin
Future 더우실
deousil

Middle Korean

Alternative forms

Adjective

덥〯다〮 (těptá)

  1. (to be) hot, warm
    • 1459, 月印釋譜 / 월인석보 [Worin seokbo]:
      모〮미〮 겨ᅀᅳ〮렌 덥〯고〮 녀르〮멘 ᄎᆞ〮고〮
      mwóm-í kyèzúl-èyn těpkwó nyèlúm-èyn chókwó
      The body is warm during the winter and cold during the summer, and...

Conjugation

Accentual class R! lenited-consonant stem
Declarative Connective Infinitive Conditional
덥〯다〮 (těptá)   덥〯고〮 (těpkwó)   더ᄫᅥ〮 (tèWé)   더ᄫᅳ〮면〮 (tèWúmyén)  

Antonyms

Descendants

  • Jeju: 덥다 (deopda)
  • Korean: 덥다 (deopda)
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