들다

From Middle Korean 들〮다〮 (túltá), from Old Korean 入乙 (*TUr-), the final rhotic also confirmed by linguistic reconstruction.

In the hangul script, first attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 들〮다〮 (Yale: túltá).

All meanings are related (often via metaphor) to the primary meaning of "to enter".

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):

  • Audio:

    (file)

• Phonetic hangul:

들다 • (deulda) (infinitive 들어, sequential 드니)

1. (intransitive, both literal and figurative) to come in, go in, get in, enter

   Hypernyms: 들어오다 (deureooda, “to come in”), 들어가다 (deureogada, “to go in”)

   숲에 드니 상쾌하다.

   Sup-e deuni sangkwaehada.

   It's refreshing to enter the forest.

   무소부지의 경지에 들다 ― musobuji-ui gyeongji-e deulda ― to enter a state of all-comprehensive knowledge

2. (intransitive, of light, water, etc.) to enter, penetrate

   Synonym: 들어오다 (deureooda, “to come in”)

   창문에 해가 너무 많이 들어.

   Changmun-e hae-ga neomu mani deureo.

   There's too much sunlight coming in through the window.

3. (intransitive) to enter a road or path

   왼쪽 길로 들면 될 거야.

   Oenjjok gil-lo deulmyeon doel geoya.

   It should be fine once you go into the left street.

4. (intransitive, with the cost as subject) to cost

   지하철을 타는 데 1000원이 들었다.

   Jihacheor-eul taneun de cheonwon-i deureotda.

   It cost a thousand won to ride the subway.

5. (intransitive, of water, color, atmosphere, etc.) to permeate in, to saturate

   간이 들다 ― gan-i deulda ― to be spiced

   미국물이 들다 ― migungmur-i deulda ― to be permeated with American influence

6. (intransitive) to be included in

   계약서에 들어 있습니다.

   Gyeyakseo-e deureo itseumnida.

   It's included in the contract.

   일등급에 들다 ― ildeunggeub-e deulda ― to be in the highest rank of the Korean grading system

   물이 어디에 들어 있어요? ― muri eodie deureo isseoyo? ― Where is water in?

7. (intransitive, of an event, especially weather-related) to occur

   흉년이 들었다

   hyungnyeon-i deureotda

   A year of harvest failure occurred

8. (transitive or intransitive) to join an organization, to enter into a contract

   보험을 들었어.

   Boheom-eul deureosseo.

   I signed up for insurance.

9. (transitive) to side with
10. (auxiliary as 들고, often derogatory) to insist on doing, to strive
11. (intransitive) Various idiomatic usages with different types of subjects:
    1. (with subject relating to thought) to think

       이상한 생각이 든다

       isanghan saenggag-i deunda

       I get this weird thought

    2. (with subjects relating to disease) to contract, get

       독감이 들다 ― dokgam-i deulda ― to get the flu

    3. (with subjects relating to sleep) to fall asleep

       낮잠이 들다 ― natjam-i deulda ― to fall into a nap

    4. (with subject relating to habits) to get the habit
    5. (with subject relating to taste) to get the taste

       신맛이 들다 ― sinmas-i deulda ― to get sour

    6. (with subject relating to age) to get old

       나이가 들다 ― nai-ga deulda ― to get old, to put on years

    7. (euphemistic, with subject relating to a child) to get pregnant
    8. (with a subject relating to a blade) to be sharp, cut well

• (to physically enter a space): Nowadays, the compounds 들어오다 (deureooda, “to come in”) and 들어가다 (deureogada, “to go in”) are more common than the bare verb in literal, physical contexts.

(idioms):

(compound verbs):

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 들다〮 (Yale: tùltá), from Proto-Koreanic *tu(N)l(u)-.

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):

  • Audio:

    (file)

• Phonetic hangul:

들다 • (deulda) (infinitive 들어, sequential 드니)

1. (transitive) to hold

   칼을 들다 ― kar-eul deulda ― to hold a sword

   코트를 들어 드릴까요? ― koteu-reul deureo deurilkkayo? ― Shall I hold your coat?

   Audio:

   (file)

2. (transitive) to raise, lift up

   손을 들다 ― son-eul deulda ― to raise one's hand

   나무를 들다 ― namu-reul deulda ― to lift up a tree

   Synonym: 올리다 (ollida)

3. (transitive, by extension) to offer proof, arguments, etc.

   예를 들다 ― ye-reul deulda ― to provide an example

4. (transitive, honorific, suppletive) Honorific form of 먹다 (meokda, “to eat”)

   Synonym: 잡수다 (japsuda)

   할아버지, 저녁 드세요!

   harabeoji, jeonyeok deuseyo!

   Grandpa, come out and have dinner!

Related to 데리다 (derida)

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
• Phonetic hangul:

들다 • (deulda) (infinitive 들어, sequential 드니)

1. (Jeolla dialect) to bring
   • 2018 March 6, 최현섭 [choehyeonseop], “당산제 모시기 [dangsanje mosigi]”, in 한국구비문학대계 [han'gukgubimunhakdaegye]‎, 광주광역시 북구 덕흥동 [gwangjugwang'yeoksi bukgu deokheungdong]:

     그 사람들 들고 인자 서이, 너이 장봇짐을 허믄...

     Geu saram-deul deul-go inja seoi, neoi jangbotjim-eul heo-meun...

     If you brought those people and made them wear three, four big backpacks...