상

Korean

Etymology 1

Sino-Korean word from 上.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
• Phonetic hangul:
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Noun

상 • (sang) (hanja 上)

1. top, best, first (grade or class)

   Hypernym: 등급(等級) (deunggeup)

   Coordinate terms: 중(中) (jung, “average”), 하(下) (ha, “last; lowest”)

2. the first volume in a two or three volume set
3. (historical) a title of respect used when referring to a monarch: His Majesty, Her Majesty
   • 1986, 한무숙／韓戊淑<t:Han Moo-sook>, 만남 [mannam, Encounter], volume 1:

     이일(異日)의 우환이 될지도 모르니 상께 아뢰어 그가 석방되게 힘써 보자고 제의하고 […]

     iir-ui uhwan-i doeljido moreuni sang-kke aroeeo geu-ga seokbang-doege himsseo bo-ja-go je'ui-hago [ … ]

     As misfortune may fall upon us in the future, suggested that we talk to His Majesty in order to push for his release from jail.

Suffix

—상 • (-sang) (hanja 上)

1. with respect to...; from the standpoint of...

   이론상 (理論上) ― ironsang (理論 上 ) ― in theory / according to theory

   사실상 (事實上) ― sasilsang (事實 上 ) ― as a matter of fact

2. above, on, in

   지구상 (地球上) ― jigusang (地球 上 ) ― on earth

   도로상 (道路上) ― dorosang (道路 上 ) ― on the road

Derived terms

• See the hanja entry at 上 for Sino-Korean compounds of 상 (上, sang).

Etymology 2

Sino-Korean word from 床.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
• Phonetic hangul:

Noun

상 • (sang) (hanja 床)

1. dining table

   Synonyms: 밥상 (bapsang), 식상(食床) (siksang)

   상을 놓다/차리다 ― sang-eul nota/charida ― to set the table

   • 1956, 김내성／金來成<t:Kim Nae-sung>, “安(안)全(전)地(지)帶(대)”, in 失(실)樂(락)園(원)의 별:

     둥그런 상에 둘러 앉아서 아이들은 식사를 시작했다.

     Dunggeureon sang-e dulleo anjaseo ai-deur-eun siksa-reul sijak-haetda.

     The children gathered around the round table and started to eat.

Derived terms

• See the hanja entry at 床 for Sino-Korean compounds of 상 (床, sang).

Etymology 3

Sino-Korean word from 賞.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
• Phonetic hangul:

Noun

상 • (sang) (hanja 賞)

1. prize, award, reward

   Antonym: 벌(罰) (beol, “punishment”)

   상을 타다/받다 ― sang-eul tada/batda ― to win a prize

Derived terms

• See the hanja entry at 賞 for Sino-Korean compounds of 상 (賞, sang).

Etymology 4

Sino-Korean word from 像.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
• Phonetic hangul:

Noun

상 • (sang) (hanja 像)

1. statue, figure
2. model, example
   • 2021 February 17, “팬데믹 시대의 낭만부자들 [paendemik sidae'ui nangmanbujadeul]”, in Money Today‎:

     […] 자선사업가로 살아온 빌 게이츠가 제시한 새로운 혁신가 상(像)이다.

     [ … ] jaseonsa'eopga-ro saraon Bil Geicheu-ga jesi-han saeroun hyeoksin'ga sang-ida.

     This is what Bill Gates—the philanthropist—suggested to be the new model innovator.

3. (physics) image

Derived terms

• See the hanja entry at 像 for Sino-Korean compounds of 상 (像, sang).

Etymology 5

Sino-Korean word from 相.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
• Phonetic hangul:

Noun

상 • (sang) (hanja 相)

1. physiognomy; look, face
2. aspect, phase

Derived terms

• See the hanja entry at 相 for Sino-Korean compounds of 상 (相, sang).

Etymology 6

Sino-Korean word from 喪.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):
• Phonetic hangul:

Noun

상 • (sang) (hanja 喪)

1. mourning (of a dead family member)

   상을 당하다 ― sang-eul danghada ― to be bereaved of (a family member)

Derived terms

• See the hanja entry at 喪 for Sino-Korean compounds of 상 (喪, sang).

Etymology 7

Sino-Korean word from 狀.

Suffix

—상 • (-sang) (hanja 狀)

1. shape; form

   ‎나선(螺旋) (naseon, “spiral”) + ‎상(狀) (sang) → ‎나선상(螺旋狀) (naseonsang, “spiral shape”)

Derived terms

• See the hanja entry at 狀 for Sino-Korean compounds of 상 (狀, sang).

Etymology 8

Sino-Korean word from 商.

Suffix

—상 • (-sang) (hanja 商)

1. merchant, dealer / store, shop

   ‎고물(古物) (gomul, “antique”) + ‎상(商) (sang) → ‎고물상(古物商) (gomulsang, “antique dealer / store”)

Derived terms

• See the hanja entry at 商 for Sino-Korean compounds of 상 (商, sang).

Etymology 9

Borrowed from Japanese さん (san).

Suffix

—상 • (-sang)

1. (anime and manga fandom) -san

Etymology 10

Korean reading of various Chinese characters.

Syllable

상 (sang)