앞

Cognate with Korean 앞 (ap).

IPA^(key): /a̠p̚/

앞 (ap)

1. fore, front

• “앞” in Jeju's culture and language, Digital museum.

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 앒 (Yale: àlph).

Related to Baekje 阿利比志 (*aripisi, “south”).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):

  • Audio:

    (file)

• Phonetic hangul:

• South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 앞의 / 앞에 / 앞까지

  Syllables in red take high pitch. This word takes low pitch only before consonant-initial multisyllabic suffixes.

앞 • (ap)

1. (literal, figurative) fore, front

   Antonym: 뒤 (dwi, “back, latter, rear”)

   앞으로 나오세요. ― Ap-euro naoseyo. ― Come to the front.

   내 앞에 사람이 있다. ― Nae ap-e saram-i itda. ― There is someone in front of me.

   차 앞을 박았어. ― Cha ap-eul bagasseo. ― I crashed the front of the car.

   막강한 무력 앞에 굴복할 수밖에 없었다.

   Makgang-han muryeok ap-e gulbok-hal su-bakke eopseotda.

   They had no choice but to submit in the face of tremendous military force.

2. (by extension) the future; future events (especially with expressions denoting perception)

   앞으로 세상이 어떻게 변할는지.

   Ap-euro sesang-i eotteoke byeon-halleunji.

   I wonder how the world will change in the future.

   일이 일어나기 전에 미리 앞을 내다보다

   ir-i ireonagi jeon-e miri ap-eul naedaboda

   to foresee the future before things take place

3. (by extension) earlier time (especially with expressions denoting movement)

   Synonym: 뒤 (dwi, “later time”)

   영상 좀 앞으로 가봐.

   Yeongsang jom ap-euro ga-bwa.

   Can you go to a bit earlier in the video?

   현대인은 앞 세대를 존경하지 않습니다.

   Hyeondaein-eun ap sedae-reul jon'gyeong-haji anseumnida.

   Contemporary people do not respect earlier generations.

4. (Yukjin, otherwise obsolete) the south

   Synonym: 남(南)쪽 (namjjok)

   • 2019, 곽충구 [gwakchunggu, Kwak Chung-gu], 두만강 유역의 조선어 방언 사전 [duman'gang yuyeogui joseoneo bang'eon sajeon, Dictionary of Korean Dialects of the Tumen River Area], volume II, Taehaksa, →ISBN, page 2460:

     이전엔 팔도를 알앗는데. 왜앤 전라남북도 앞에 잇다는 게사 알지. 조선 사름이 자기 따 이름두 알구 다아 알아야 댄다. (Yukjin)

     Ijeon-en paldo-reul aranneunde. Waeaen Jeollanambuk-do ap-e itda-neun ge-sa alji. Joseon sareum-i jagi tta ireum-du algu daa ara-ya daenda.

     Before, I used to know the Eight Provinces . At least I still know enough to say Jeolla Province is the most in the south. Korean people should know their own place names, and all the other stuff.