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There is strong evidence that at some ancient stage, the root of the verb was <*wòn-> with a final nasal (cf. Vovin 2007, pp. 27—28). Consider:
The irregular Middle Korean imperative 오〮나라〮 (Yale: wónàlá, “come!”) is traditionally analyzed as involving a suffix 나〮 (Yale: -ná-) which appears solely with this verb. But this conjugation would be regular if <*wòn-> was the root, with the conjugation simply involving the suffix 아〮 (Yale: -á-) attested for other verbs.
The possibly dialectal Middle Korean form 오〮나도〮 (Yale: wónàtwó, “even if he comes”) is attested once, instead of expected 오〮아도〮 (Yale: wóàtwó, “even if he comes”). This is again regular if <*wòn-> was the original root.
In western Chungcheong dialect, the infinitive form of 오다(oda) is 오느(oneu), 오노(ono), 오누(onu), or 오나(ona), instead of expected 와(wa).[1]
In Jeju, the traditional infinitive form of 오다(oda) is 오란(oran) instead of expected *완(*wan), which may involve conflation of final *-n with *-l.
오랫동안인도에살아왔다. ― Oraetdong'an Indo-e sara-watda. ― He has lived in India for a long time.
Usage notes
Korean equivalents of English expressions that use the verb “to come” in the present tense from the perspective of the listener, not the speaker, usually use the verb 가다(gada, “to go”); that is, “to come” is inherently perceived as moving towards the speaker’s current position. For example, “I’m coming right now” in Korean is 나지금가고있어(na jigeum gago isseo, literally “I’m going right now”).
오다(oda) has two forms for the 해라체(haerache) imperative. The blunt form is regular: 와라(wara, “come!”). The less blunt form is irregular: 오너라(oneora, “(please) come!”). Other verbs with the irregular non-blunt form are 일어나다(ireonada, “to get up”), 자라다(jarada, “to grow”), 자다(jada, “to sleep”), 가다(gada, “to go”), and compound verbs ending in 가다(-gada).
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 오다 (oda): vowel-stem, 오(o)-irregular