우르다

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Middle Korean

Etymology

Possibly onomatopoeic. Related to 울다 (Yale: wulta) "to cry". Only restricted usages survive in Modern Korean.

Pronunciation

Verb

우르다〮 (wùlùtá)

  1. (of an animal or bird) to roar, to bellow, to cry, to make a large sound
    • 1481, “杜位宅守歲 / 두위댁수세”, in 分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해:
      멀허〮멧〮ᄆᆞ리〮우르고〮
      mèlhém-éy-s mòl-í wùlùkwó
      The horses in the stables neigh loudly, and...
    • 1481, “寄韋有夏卽中 / 기위유하즉중”, in 分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해:
      ᄀᆞᆯ며기ᄂᆞᆫ〮ᄂᆞᆯ〮개ᄅᆞᆯ싯고〮우르놋〮다
      kòlmyèkì-nón nólkày-lòl sìskwó wùlùnwóstà
      the seagull bears its wings and cries
    • 1511, “烈女圖 / 열녀도”, in 三綱行實圖 / 삼강행실도:
      그낤〮바〮ᄆᆡ〮버〯미ᄯᅩ와우르거늘〮
      kù nál-s pám-óy pěm-ì stò wà wùlùkènúl
      That night, the tiger came again and roared
  2. (of a person) to shout
    • 1463, 法華經諺解 / 법화경언해, page 2:200b:
      놀〯라〮怨(원)讐(슈)ㅣ여〮일ᄏᆞ라〮ᄀᆞ자ᇰ〮울오〮ᄃᆡ〮
      nwǒllá WEN.SYWU-ìyé ìlkhòlá kòcáng wùlGwótóy
      Surprised, he said, shouting most loudly, "You enemy !"
    • 1482, 南明集諺解 / 남명집언해, page II:37a:
      세서레곧能(느ᇰ)히키우르ᄂᆞ니
      sey sel-ey kwot NUNG-hi khi wulunoni
      At the age of three, he could straightaway shout loudly
  3. (figurative, of a natural object) to roar, to rage
    • 1481, “水宿遣興奉呈群公 / 수숙견흥봉정군공”, in 分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해:
      ᄇᆞᄅᆞ매우르는소리란버믈드르리로소니
      polom-ay wulunun swoli-lan pem-ul tululilwoswoni
      for the sound of the roar of the wind is like listening to a tiger
    • 1481, “立秋雨院中有作 / 입추우원중유작”, in 分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해:
      ᄀᆞᄅᆞ〮미우르니〮믌〮氣(긔)運(운)이〮ᄠᅦᆺ〮도다〮
      kòlóm-ì wùlùní múl-s KUY.WUN-í ptéystwòtá
      as the river roars, how the water's mist is afloat!

Conjugation

Accentual class LL~L irregular stem
Declarative Connective Infinitive Conditional
우르다〮 (wùlùtá)   우르고〮 (wùlùkwó)   울어〮 (wùlGé)   우르면〮 (wùlùmyén)  

Descendants

  • Korean: 으르다 (eureuda, “to threaten”)
  • ⇒ Korean: 우레 (ure, “thunder”)
  • ⇒ Korean: 으르렁 (eureureong, onomatopoeia of roaring)
  • ⇒ Korean: 우렁차다 (ureongchada, “to be loud”)

References

  • 이동석 [idongseok] (2009) “중세국어 '우르다'에 대한 어휘사적 연구 [jungsegugeo ureuda e daehan eohwisajeok yeon'gu]”, in Gugeosa yeon'gu, volume 9, pages 211—237
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