First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 칩다 (Yale: chipta).
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | chupda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | chubda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | ch'upta |
| Yale Romanization? | chwupta |
춥다 • (chupda) (irregular, infinitive 추워, sequential 추우니)
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 춥다 chupda |
추워 chuwo |
추워요 chuwoyo |
춥습니다 chupseumnida |
| Past | 추웠다 chuwotda |
추웠어 chuwosseo |
추웠어요 chuwosseoyo |
추웠습니다 chuwotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 추우냐 chuunya |
추워 chuwo |
추워요 chuwoyo |
춥습니까 chupseumnikka |
| Past | 추웠냐 chuwonnya |
추웠어 chuwosseo |
추웠어요 chuwosseoyo |
추웠습니까 chuwotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 춥겠다 chupgetda |
춥겠어 chupgesseo |
춥겠어요 chupgesseoyo |
춥겠습니다 chupgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 추워 chuwo |
추워서 chuwoseo |
추우니 chuuni |
추우니까 chuunikka | |
| Contrast | 춥지만 chupjiman |
추운데 chuunde |
춥더니 chupdeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 춥고 chupgo |
||||
| Condition | 추우면 chuumyeon |
추워야 chuwoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 추움 chuum |
춥기 chupgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 추웠음 chuwosseum |
추웠기 chuwotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 추운 chuun | |||
| Future | 추울 chuul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 추우시다 chuusida |
추우셔 chuusyeo |
추우세요, 추우셔요 chuuseyo, chuusyeoyo |
추우십니다 chuusimnida |
| Past | 추우셨다 chuusyeotda |
추우셨어 chuusyeosseo |
추우셨어요 chuusyeosseoyo |
추우셨습니다 chuusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 추우시냐 chuusinya |
추우셔 chuusyeo |
추우세요, 추우셔요 chuuseyo, chuusyeoyo |
추우십니까 chuusimnikka |
| Past | 추우셨냐 chuusyeonnya |
추우셨어 chuusyeosseo |
추우셨어요 chuusyeosseoyo |
추우셨습니까 chuusyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 추우시겠다 chuusigetda |
추우시겠어 chuusigesseo |
추우시겠어요 chuusigesseoyo |
추우시겠습니다 chuusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 추우셔 chuusyeo |
추우셔서 chuusyeoseo |
추우시니 chuusini |
추우시니까 chuusinikka | |
| Contrast | 추우시지만 chuusijiman |
추우신데 chuusinde |
추우시더니 chuusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 추우시고 chuusigo |
||||
| Condition | 추우시면 chuusimyeon |
추우셔야 chuusyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 추우심 chuusim |
추우시기 chuusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 추우셨음 chuusyeosseum |
추우셨기 chuusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 추우신 chuusin | |||
| Future | 추우실 chuusil | ||||