치다

Early Modern Korean

Etymology

From Middle Korean 치〮다〮 (Yale: chí-tá).

Pronunciation

• (c. 1750) IPA^(key):

Verb

치다 (chita) (infinitive 쳐 (chye), sequential 치니 (chini)) (transitive)

1. to rear, to raise (animals or children)
2. (of animals) to bear, to breed (offspring)
3. to cultivate (virtue, morality, etc.)
4. to wait on (a parent, etc.)

Descendants

• Korean: 치다 (chida)

Jeju

Etymology

Cognate with Korean 찌다 (jjida).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /t͡ɕida̠/

Verb

치다 (chida)

1. to steam

Korean

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):

  • (file)

• Phonetic hangul:

Etymology 1

First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 티〮다〮 (Yale: thí-tá).

“to call (on the telephone)”

The Yanbian meaning “to call (on the telephone)” is a semantic loan from Chinese 打 (dǎ, “to hit; to call”).

Verb

치다 • (chida) (infinitive 쳐 or 치어, sequential 치니)

1. (transitive) to hit, to beat, to strike, to slap, to pound

   박수를 치다 ― baksu-reul chida ― to clap (literally, “to beat an applause”)

   1. (transitive) to strike, to attack (an enemy country or location)

      적의 후방을 노려서 치다

      jeog-ui hubang-eul noryeoseo chida

      to tactically assault the enemy from the rear

   2. (transitive) (of a clock) to strike (an hour)

      벽에 걸린 시계가 12시를 쳤다.

      Byeog-e geollin sigye-ga yeoldusi-reul cheotda.

      The clock on the wall struck noon.

   3. (transitive) to run over (with a vehicle)

      차가 사람을 치고 가버렸다.

      Cha-ga saram-eul chigo gabeoryeotda.

      A car hit a person and left.

   4. (transitive) to forge (e.g. a sword or sickle)

      대장장이가 칼을 치고 있다.

      Daejangjang'i-ga kar-eul chigo itda.

      A blacksmith is forging a sword.

2. (transitive) to play (cards, drums, piano, guitar, keyboard, or certain sports involving hitting a ball (see usage notes))

   기타를 치다 ― gita-reul chida ― to play the guitar (literally, “to hit the guitar”)

   테니스를 치다 ― teniseu-reul chida ― to play tennis (literally, “to hit tennis”)

3. (intransitive, of natural phenomena)
   1. (of wind, rain, or snow in a storm) to blow/pour/snow

      밖에 눈보라가 세차게 치고 있다.

      Bakk-e nunbora-ga sechage chigo itda.

      A snowstorm is raging outside.

   2. (of frost) to form (usually on plants)

      된서리가 쳐 농작물이 상했다.

      Doenseori-ga cheo nongjangmur-i sanghaetda.

      Crops were damaged from the heavy frost.

   3. (of lightning) to strike; (of thunder) to thunder

      천둥이 우르르 쾅 하고 쳤다.

      Cheondung-i ureureu kwang hago cheotda.

      There was a roll of thunder.

   4. (of waves, etc.) to form

      바다에 파도가 심하게 치고 있다.

      Bada-e pado-ga sim-hage chigo itda.

      The waves are high at sea.

4. (transitive) to swing; to shake:
   1. to wag (a tail); to flap (wings)

      개가 꼬리를 살랑살랑 치며 반겼다.

      Gae-ga kkori-reul sallangsallang chimyeo ban'gyeotda.

      Gently wagging its tail, a dog greeted .

      새가 날개를 파닥파닥 쳐 날아갔다.

      Sae-ga nalgae-reul padakpadak cheo naragatda.

      Fluttering its wings, a bird flew away.

   2. Used as a dummy verb for certain nouns related to shaking or trembling

      진저리를 치다 ― jinjeori-reul chida ― to shudder (from disgust, etc.)

      비행기 기체가 심하게 요동을 친다.

      Bihaenggi giche-ga sim-hage yodong-eul chinda.

      The fuselage of the plane rolls and pitches heavily.

   3. Used in 헤엄(을) 치다 (heeom(-eul) chida, “to swim”)
5. (transitive) to type (e.g. on a keyboard)

   타자를 치다 ― taja-reul chida ― to type on a keyboard (literally, “to hit a typing”)

   1. (transitive) to send, to wire (a telegram)

      전보를 치다 ― jeonbo-reul chida ― to send a telegeram (literally, “to type a telegram”)

   2. (transitive) to radio (message, etc.)

      무전을 치다 ― mujeon-eul chida ― to radio a message (literally, “to type a radio message”)

6. (transitive) to cut/slice a part/piece:
   1. to trim, to prune (branches or leaves)

      나무의 잔가지를 치다 ― namu-ui jan'gaji-reul chida ― to lop off twigs from a tree

   2. to cut, to shear (hair)

      머리를 짧게 치다 ― meori-reul jjalge chida ― to cut one's hair short

   3. (often with 채 (chae)) to cut, to shred (vegetables or fruits into strips)

      무를 채를 치다 ― mu-reul chae-reul chida ― to shred white radish into thin strips

   4. to slice (raw fish (회(膾) (hoe)))

      회를 치다 ― hoe-reul chida ― to slice raw fish

7. (transitive) Used as a dummy verb for certain nouns related to sound

   Synonym: 지르다 (jireuda)

   아우성을 치다 ― auseong-eul chida ― to raise a clamour

   산 정상에 올라서 고함을 실컷 쳤다.

   San jeongsang-e ollaseo goham-eul silkeot cheotda.

   Having climbed to the top of the mountain, screamed to my heart's content.

8. (transitive, slang) to speak (a language); mainly used for aptitude.

   Synonym: 하다 (hada)

   옛날에 영어 좀 쳤는데 이제 다 까먹었다.

   Yennar-e yeong'eo jom cheonneunde ije da kkameogeotda.

   I used to speak a fair bit of English, but now I've completely forgotten.

9. (transitive) to take (a test, etc.)

   Synonym: 보다 (boda)

   시험을 치다 ― siheom-eul chida ― to take a test

10. (transitive, with 점(占) (jeom)) to tell one's fortune
11. (transitive) to stamp

    도장/인을 치다 ― dojang/in-eul chida ― to stamp

12. (transitive) Used as a dummy verb for certain nouns in various idiomatic usages
    1. Nouns meaning something bad or undesirable (e.g. a lie)

       사기를 치다 ― sagi-reul chida ― to commit fraud

       거짓말을 친 것이 들통이 났다.

       Geojinmar-eul chin geos-i deultong-i natda.

       The fact that had told a lie was revealed.

    2. Nouns related to walking

       종종걸음을 치다 ― jongjonggeoreum-eul chida ― to walk with hasty steps

    3. Nouns related to laughter or smiling

       눈웃음을 치다 ― nunuseum-eul chida ― to wear a smile on one's eyes

13. (transitive, Yanbian) to call (on the telephone)

    Synonym: (Standard Korean) 걸다 (geolda)

Usage notes

• (playing sports involving hitting a ball): sports that take this verb include: 골프 (golpeu, “golf”), 당구(撞球) (danggu, “billiards”), 볼링 (bolling, “bowling”), 배드민턴 (baedeuminteon, “badminton”), 탁구(卓球) (takgu, “table tennis”), 테니스 (teniseu, “tennis”), and their synonyms. Most other sports usually only take 하다 (hada, “to do”).
• (playing a musical instrument involving hitting): musical instruments that take this verb include: 기타 (gita, “guitar”), 드럼 (deureom, “drum”), 피아노 (piano, “piano”), and their synonyms (usually percussion instruments).

Conjugation

Etymology 2

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 치〮다〮 (Yale: chí-tá).

Verb

치다 • (chida) (infinitive 쳐 or 치어, sequential 치니) (transitive)

1. to rear, to raise (animals) (especially livestock or poultry, but also bees or silkworms)

   Synonyms: 기르다 (gireuda), 키우다 (kiuda)

2. (of animals) to bear, to breed (offsprings)

   어미 개가 새끼를 쳤다. ― Eomi gae-ga saekki-reul cheotda. ― The mother dog whelped.

3. (of plants) to spread, to shoot out (branches)

   나무가 가지를 친다. ― Namu-ga gaji-reul chinda. ― A tree spreads its branches.

4. to keep, to lodge (roomers or guests)

   학생들을 하숙을 치다 ― haksaeng-deur-eul hasug-eul chida ― to board students

Conjugation

Etymology 3

Of native Korean origin.

Verb

치다 • (chida) (infinitive 쳐 or 치어, sequential 치니) (transitive)

1. to value; to consider

   초보자 치고는 잘하는데? ― Choboja chigoneun jal-haneunde? ― You do well for a beginner.

   그는 돈을 최고로 친다. ― Geu-neun don-eul choego-ro chinda. ― He values money above all things.

   값을 너무 낮게 친 거 같다. ― Gaps-eul neomu natge chin geo gatda. ― I think have set the price too low.

   그렇다 치더라도 벌이 너무 가혹한 거 아니야?

   Geureota chideorado beor-i neomu gahok-han geo aniya?

   All things considered, don't you think the punishment is quite harsh?

   이 돈은 원으로 치면 얼마 정도야?

   I don-eun won-euro chimyeon eolma jeongdo-ya?

   How much would this be worth in wons?

2. to count, to include

   너까지 치면 다섯 명이야.

   Neo-kkaji chimyeon daseot myeong-iya.

   Including you, it will be five people.

3. to assume, to suppose

   네가 갑자기 부자가 됐다고 치자, 그럼 처음에 뭐 부터 할 거 같아?

   Ne-ga gapjagi buja-ga dwaet-dago chija, geureom cheo'eum-e mwo buteo hal geo gata?

   Let's say you've suddenly become a rich person, what would be the first thing you do?

Conjugation

Etymology 4

First attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 티〮다〮 (Yale: thí-tá).

Verb

치다 • (chida) (infinitive 쳐 or 치어, sequential 치니) (transitive)

1. to draw, to cast, to put up (a net, shield, screen, curtain, etc.)

   모기장을 치다 ― mogijang-eul chida ― to put up a mosquito net

   강에 그물을 치다 ― gang-e geumur-eul chida ― to cast a net into a river

2. to install (a wall, fence, barrier, etc.)

   울타리를 치다 ― ultari-reul chida ― to install fences

3. to pitch, to set up (camp, a tent, etc.)

   진을 치다 ― jin-eul chida ― to set up camp

Conjugation

Etymology 5

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 츠〮다〮 (Yale: chú-tá).

Verb

치다 • (chida) (infinitive 쳐 or 치어, sequential 치니) (transitive)

1. to clear, to clean, to remove (by sweeping or scooping)

   눈을 치다 ― nun-eul chida ― to shovel snow

   쓰레기를 치다 ― sseuregi-reul chida ― to clear away garbage

2. to dredge, to dig out (a ditch or waterway)

   논을 치다 ― non-eul chida ― to make rice paddies

   도랑을 치다 ― dorang-eul chida ― to dredge a ditch

Conjugation