팔

Korean

Etymology 1

Korean Wikipedia has an article on:

팔

Wikipedia ^ko

First attested in the Hunminjeong'eum haerye (訓民正音解例 / 훈민정음해례), 1446, as Middle Korean ᄇᆞᆶ (Yale: pòlh). Compare dialectal forms 파리 (pari), 포리 (pori), 폴 (pol), 폴께 (polkke), and Jeju ᄑᆞᆯ (pawl).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):

  • (file)

• Phonetic hangul:

• South Gyeongsang (Busan) pitch accent: 팔의 / 팔에 / 팔까지

  Syllables in red take high pitch. This word takes low pitch only before consonant-initial multisyllabic suffixes.

Noun

팔 • (pal)

1. arm
   • 2007, Han Kang, 채식주의자 [chaesikjuuija, The Vegetarian], 22nd edition, Paju, Republic of Korea: Changbi, published 2016, →ISBN, page 27:

     검은 트렌치코트 차림으로 우두망찰 서 있는 아내의 팔을 끌고 안방으로 들어갔다.

     Geomeun teurenchikoteu charim-euro udumangchal seo inneun anae-ui par-eul kkeulgo anbang-euro deureogatda.

     I grabbed the arm of my wife, who was standing dumbfounded wearing a black trench coat, and dragged her into our room.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Sino-Korean word from 八 (“eight”), from the Middle Korean reading 팔〮 (Yale: phál), from Middle Chinese 八 (MC peat).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key):

  • (file)

• Phonetic hangul:

Numeral

팔 • (pal) (hanja 八)

1. (Sino-Korean numeral) eight

   Synonym: 여덟 (yeodeol, native numeral)

Usage notes

In modern Korean, numbers are usually written in Arabic numerals.

The Korean language has two sets of numerals: a native set of numerals inherited from Old Korean, and a Sino-Korean set which was borrowed from Middle Chinese in the first millennium C.E.

Native classifiers take native numerals.

• 개 한 마리 (gae han mari, “one dog”, native numeral)
• 나무 두 그루 (namu du geuru, “two trees”, native numeral)

Some Sino-Korean classifiers take native numerals, others take Sino-Korean numerals, while yet others take both.

• 종이 두 장(張) (jong'i du jang, “two sheets of paper”, native numeral)
• 이 분(分) (i bun, “two minutes”, Sino-Korean numeral)
• 서른/삼십 명(名) (seoreun/samsip myeong, “thirty people”, both sets possible)

Recently loaned classifiers generally take Sino-Korean numerals.

• 일 킬로미터 (il killomiteo, “one kilometer”, Sino-Korean numeral)

For many terms, a native numeral has a quantifying sense, whereas a Sino-Korean numeral has a sense of labeling.

• 세 반(班) (se ban, “three school classes”, native numeral)
• 삼 반(班) (sam ban, “Class Number Three”, Sino-Korean numeral)

When used in isolation, native numerals refer to objects of that number and are used in counting and quantifying, whereas Sino-Korean numerals refer to the numbers in a more mathematical sense.

• 하나만 더 주세요 (hana-man deo juse-yo, “Could you give me just one more, please”, native numeral)
• 일 더하기 일은? (il deohagi ir-eun?, “What's one plus one?”, Sino-Korean numeral)

While older stages of Korean had native numerals up to the thousands, native numerals currently exist only up to ninety-nine, and Sino-Korean is used for all higher numbers. There is also a tendency—particularly among younger speakers—to uniformly use Sino-Korean numerals for the higher tens as well, so that native numerals such as 일흔 (ilheun, “seventy”) or 아흔 (aheun, “ninety”) are becoming less common.

Derived terms

• See the hanja entry at 八 for Sino-Korean compounds of 팔 (八, pal).

References