하십시오체

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Korean

Etymology

From 하십시오 (hasipsio, formal and polite imperative of 하다 (hada, “to do”)) +‎ 체(體) (che, “style”).

Pronunciation

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?hasipsioche
Revised Romanization (translit.)?hasibsioche
McCune–Reischauer?hasipsioch'e
Yale Romanization?hasip.sio.chey

Noun

하십시오체 • (hasipsioche)

  1. (grammar) The formal, polite speech level in Korean.

Usage notes

하십시오체 (hasipsioche) is a speech level used commonly between strangers, among co-workers, by TV announcers, and to customers. Like other speech levels, it is applied to verbs and adjectives to reflect the relationship between the speaker and the audience. It is independent from the honorific, which reflects the relationships with the referent of the subject.

Korean words inflected in this speech level are characterized by the suffix —ᆸ니다 (-mnida) in the indicative mood. In the imperative mood, it is always used with the honorific —시— (-si-), together characterized by the suffix —십시오 (-sipsio). E.g.:

  • 합니다 (hamnida): (formal, polite, indicative) "does"
  • 하십시오 (hasipsio): (formal, polite, imperative) "please do"

Synonyms

See also

(Other speech levels)

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia