πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½

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Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌰𐌽𐌳- (and-) +‎ πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ (hafjan).

Verb

πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (andhafjan)

  1. to reply, to respond, to answer
    • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Mark 14:48:
      𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ πŒΉπŒ΄πƒπŒΏπƒ 𐌡𐌰𐌸 𐌳𐌿 𐌹𐌼: πƒπ…πŒ΄ 𐌳𐌿 π…πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒΉπŒ½ πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒΏπŒΈ 𐌼𐌹𐌸 πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΏπŒΌ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 π„π‚πŒΉπ…πŒ°πŒΌ πŒ²π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπ€πŒ°πŒ½ 𐌼𐌹𐌺.
      jah andhafjands iΔ“sus qaΓΎ du im: swΔ“ du waidΔ“djin urrunnuΓΎ miΓΎ hairum jah triwam greipan mik.
      And Jesus answered and said unto them, Are ye come out, as against a thief, with swords and with staves to take me? (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 6 strong, j-present
Infinitive πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
andhafjan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°
andhafja 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·π‰π†
andhōf 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
andhafjada
2nd singular πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒΉπƒ
andhafjis 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·π‰π†π„
andhōft 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
andhafjaza
3rd singular πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒΉπŒΈ
andhafjiΓΎ 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·π‰π†
andhōf 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
andhafjada
1st dual πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπ‰πƒ
andhafjōs 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·π‰π†πŒΏ
andhōfu 		—
2nd dual πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
andhafjats 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·π‰π†πŒΏπ„πƒ
andhōfuts 		—
1st plural πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ
andhafjam 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·π‰π†πŒΏπŒΌ
andhōfum 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
andhafjanda
2nd plural πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒΉπŒΈ
andhafjiΓΎ 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·π‰π†πŒΏπŒΈ
andhōfuΓΎ 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
andhafjanda
3rd plural πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
andhafjand 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·π‰π†πŒΏπŒ½
andhōfun 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
andhafjanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
andhafjau 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·π‰π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
andhōfjau 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
andhafjaidau
2nd singular πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
andhafjais 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·π‰π†πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
andhōfeis 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
andhafjaizau
3rd singular πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ
andhafjai 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·π‰π†πŒΉ
andhōfi 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
andhafjaidau
1st dual πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
andhafjaiwa 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·π‰π†πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
andhōfeiwa 		—
2nd dual πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
andhafjaits 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·π‰π†πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
andhōfeits 		—
1st plural πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
andhafjaima 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·π‰π†πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
andhōfeima 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
andhafjaindau
2nd plural πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
andhafjaiΓΎ 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·π‰π†πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
andhōfeiΓΎ 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
andhafjaindau
3rd plural πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
andhafjaina 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·π‰π†πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
andhōfeina 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
andhafjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒ΄πŒΉ
andhafei
3rd singular πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
andhafjadau
2nd dual πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
andhafjats
2nd plural πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒΉπŒΈ
andhafjiΓΎ
3rd plural πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
andhafjandau
Present Past
Participles πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
andhafjands 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ·πŒ°π†πŒ°πŒ½πƒ
andhafans

Further reading

  • Thomas Le Marchant Douse (1886) An Introduction, Phonological, Morphological, Syntactic to the Gothic of Ulfilas (in Gothic), London: Taylor and Francis, page 248:
    (xviii) The word for "to answer" is andhafjan; in the following instance (Lk. xx. 7) it governs an indirect clause: Andhōfun ei ni wissΔ“deina hwaΓΎro (wΔ“si) = "They-answered that they-knew not whence (he was)." It may also be used without any object […] or may take a subst. after it […]
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