πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒ½

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Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌰𐌽𐌳- (and-) +‎ Proto-Germanic *sturnānΔ…. More at *staraz (β€œrigid”).

Pronunciation

Verb

πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (andstaurran)

  1. (hapax) to murmur against, scold
    • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Mark 14:5:
      πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„ π…πŒ΄πƒπŒΉ 𐌰𐌿𐌺 πŒΈπŒ°π„πŒ° πŒ±πŒ°πŒ»πƒπŒ°πŒ½ π†π‚πŒ°πŒ±πŒΏπŒ²πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ 𐌹𐌽 πŒΌπŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒΆπ‰ 𐌸𐌰𐌿 πŒΈπ‚πŒΉπŒΎπŒ° 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰 πƒπŒΊπŒ°π„π„πŒ΄ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 𐌿𐌽𐌻𐌴𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌼. 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½ πŒΈπ‰.
      maht wΔ“si auk ΓΎata balsan frabugjan in managizō ΓΎau ΓΎrija hunda skattΔ“ jah giban unlΔ“daim. jah andstaurraidΔ“dun þō.
      For this ointment might have been sold for above three hundred shillings, and given to the poor. And they murmured against her. (ASV)

Conjugation

Class 3 weak
Infinitive πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒ½
andstaurrān
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°
andstaurra 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
andstaurraida 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
andstaurrāda
2nd singular πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπƒ
andstaurrais 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
andstaurraidΔ“s 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
andstaurrāza
3rd singular πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
andstaurraiΓΎ 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
andstaurraida 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
andstaurrāda
1st dual πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚π‰πƒ
andstaurrōs 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
andstaurraidΔ“du 		—
2nd dual πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°π„πƒ
andstaurrāts 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
andstaurraidΔ“duts 		—
1st plural πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΌ
andstaurrām 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
andstaurraidΔ“dum 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
andstaurrānda
2nd plural πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
andstaurraiΓΎ 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
andstaurraidΔ“duΓΎ 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
andstaurrānda
3rd plural πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
andstaurrānd 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
andstaurraidΔ“dun 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
andstaurrānda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΏ
andstaurrau 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
andstaurraidΔ“djau 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
andstaurraidau
2nd singular πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπƒ
andstaurrais 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
andstaurraidΔ“deis 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
andstaurraizau
3rd singular πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉ
andstaurrai 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
andstaurraidΔ“di 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
andstaurraidau
1st dual πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
andstaurraiwa 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
andstaurraidΔ“deiwa 		—
2nd dual πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
andstaurraits 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
andstaurraidΔ“deits 		—
1st plural πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
andstaurraima 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
andstaurraidΔ“deima 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
andstaurraindau
2nd plural πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
andstaurraiΓΎ 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
andstaurraidΔ“deiΓΎ 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
andstaurraindau
3rd plural πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
andstaurraina 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
andstaurraidΔ“deina 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
andstaurraindau
Imperative
2nd singular πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉ
andstaurrai
3rd singular πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
andstaurrādau
2nd dual πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°π„πƒ
andstaurrāts
2nd plural πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
andstaurraiΓΎ
3rd plural πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
andstaurrāndau
Present Past
Participles πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
andstaurrānds 		πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒπ„πŒ°πŒΏπ‚π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒΈπƒ
andstaurraiΓΎs

Further reading

  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 130
Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia