πŒ°π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½

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Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *arjanΔ…, from Proto-Indo-European *hβ‚‚Γ©ryeti. Cognate to Old English erian, Old Norse erja, and to the first element of Koine Greek ἀροτριάω (arotriÑō), which it translates.

Pronunciation

Verb

πŒ°π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (arjan)

  1. (hapax) to plough (to use a plough)
    • 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Luke 17:7:
      πˆπŒ°πƒ 𐌸𐌰𐌽 πŒΉπŒΆπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ° πƒπŒΊπŒ°πŒ»πŒΊ πŒ°πŒΉπŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ πŒ°π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½ 𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌿 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽, πƒπŒ°πŒ΄πŒΉ πŒ°π„πŒ²πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπŒ½ πŒ°π† 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌹 𐌡𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹: πƒπŒΏπŒ½πƒ πŒ·πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°π‚πŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ 𐌰𐌽𐌿𐌷𐌺𐌿𐌼𐌱𐌴𐌹?
      Ζ•as ΓΎan izwara skalk aigands arjandan aiΓΎΓΎau haldandan, saei atgaggandin af haiΓΎjai qiΓΎai: suns hindarleiΓΎ anuhkumbei?
      But which of you, having a servant plowing or feeding cattle, will say unto him by and by, when he is come from the field, Go and sit down to meat? (KJV)

Conjugation

Only attested in the accusative singular of the present participle: πŒ°π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½ (arjandan), which is not enough to determine the conjugation. In Old High German, it is a class 7 strong verb, but in all other Germanic languages, it is class 1 weak, while the root's phonological shape could also suggest class 6 strong.

See also

Further reading