πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½

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Gothic

Etymology

𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +‎ πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ (kausjan)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /Ι‘aˈkɔːsjan/

Verb

πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (gakausjan) (perfective)

  1. (hapax) to prove
    • 2 Corinthians 8:22:
      πŒΉπŒ½πƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ 𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌼 πŒ±π‚π‰πŒΈπŒ°π‚ πŒΏπŒ½πƒπŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ½πŒ° 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌴𐌹 πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ 𐌹𐌽 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌼 πŒΏπ†π„πŒ° πŒΏπƒπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏπŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πŒ° π…πŒΉπƒπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½, 𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌽𐌿, πƒπŒ°πŒΉ, π†πŒΉπŒ»πŒΏ πŒΏπƒπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏπŒ³π‰πŒΆπŒ°πŒ½ π„π‚πŒ°πŒΏπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°πŒΉ 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹 𐌹𐌽 πŒΉπŒΆπ…πŒΉπƒ;
      insandidΔ“dum ΓΎan miΓΎ im brōþar unsarana ΓΎanei gakausidΔ“dum in managaim ufta usdaudana wisandan, aΓΎΓΎan nu, sai, filu usdaudōzan trauainai managai in izwis;
      And we have sent with them our brother, whom we have oftentimes proved diligent in many things, but now much more diligent, upon the great confidence which I have in you. (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
Infinitive πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
gakausjan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°
gakausja 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
gakausida 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
gakausjada
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
gakauseis 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
gakausidΔ“s 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
gakausjaza
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gakauseiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
gakausida 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
gakausjada
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπ‰πƒ
gakausjōs 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
gakausidΔ“du 		—
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
gakausjats 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
gakausidΔ“duts 		—
1st plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ
gakausjam 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
gakausidΔ“dum 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gakausjanda
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gakauseiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
gakausidΔ“duΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gakausjanda
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
gakausjand 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
gakausidΔ“dun 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
gakausjanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
gakausjau 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
gakausidΔ“djau 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gakausjaidau
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
gakausjais 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
gakausidΔ“deis 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
gakausjaizau
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ
gakausjai 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
gakausidΔ“di 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gakausjaidau
1st dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
gakausjaiwa 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
gakausidΔ“deiwa 		—
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
gakausjaits 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
gakausidΔ“deits 		—
1st plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
gakausjaima 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
gakausidΔ“deima 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gakausjaindau
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
gakausjaiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gakausidΔ“deiΓΎ 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gakausjaindau
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
gakausjaina 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
gakausidΔ“deina 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gakausjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒ΄πŒΉ
gakausei
3rd singular πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gakausjadau
2nd dual πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
gakausjats
2nd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
gakauseiΓΎ
3rd plural πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
gakausjandau
Present Past
Participles πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
gakausjands 		πŒ²πŒ°πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒΉπŒΈπƒ
gakausiΓΎs

Further reading

  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 74
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