𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽

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Gothic

Etymology

Either from 𐌳𐌿- (du-) +‎ *𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*ginnan) (a Gothic formation) or inherited from Proto-Germanic *duginnanΔ…. There are no other Germanic cognates with the same prefix which could be used to support the Proto-Germanic verb of the second etymology, but the unprefixed verb of the first etymology (*ginnanΔ…) is not attested in any Germanic language (which all except Gothic have descendants of the prefixed form *biginnanΔ…, having the same meaning as this verb).

The element 𐌳𐌿 (du) is not attested in any other Germanic languages, probably being an archaic inheritance from Proto-Germanic that was lost early on in other Germanic languages. The archaic nature of the prefix might seem to point to a Proto-Germanic inheritance for this verb, but its clear productivity in Gothic renders this pointer uncertain.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /duˈɑinnan/,

Verb

𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 β€’ (duginnan)

  1. to begin

Conjugation

A variant spelling 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌳 (duginnid) is attested for expected (and unattested) 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌸 (duginniþ).

Class 3 strong
Infinitive 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽
duginnan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰
duginna
𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌽
dugann
𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌳𐌰
duginnada
2nd singular πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒΉπƒ
duginnis
πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πŒ½π„
dugannt
𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌢𐌰
duginnaza
3rd singular 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌸
duginniΓΎ
𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌽
dugann
𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌳𐌰
duginnada
1st dual πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½π‰πƒ
duginnōs
𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿
dugunnu
2nd dual πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°π„πƒ
duginnats
πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒΏπ„πƒ
dugunnuts
1st plural 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌼
duginnam
𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌼
dugunnum
𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
duginnanda
2nd plural 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌸
duginniΓΎ
𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌸
dugunnuΓΎ
𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
duginnanda
3rd plural 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳
duginnand
𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌽
dugunnun
𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
duginnanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌿
duginnau
𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌿
dugunnjau
𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿
duginnaidau
2nd singular πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπƒ
duginnais
πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
dugunneis
𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌢𐌰𐌿
duginnaizau
3rd singular 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹
duginnai
𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌹
dugunni
𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿
duginnaidau
1st dual πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
duginnaiwa
πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
dugunneiwa
2nd dual πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
duginnaits
πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
dugunneits
1st plural 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰
duginnaima
𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰
dugunneima
𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
duginnaindau
2nd plural 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌸
duginnaiΓΎ
𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸
dugunneiΓΎ
𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
duginnaindau
3rd plural 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰
duginnaina
𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰
dugunneina
𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
duginnaindau
Imperative
2nd singular 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽
duginn
3rd singular 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿
duginnadau
2nd dual πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°π„πƒ
duginnats
2nd plural 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌸
duginniΓΎ
3rd plural 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
duginnandau
Present Past
Participles πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
duginnands
πŒ³πŒΏπŒ²πŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒ½πƒ
dugunnans