πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½

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Gothic

Etymology

From 𐌳𐌿- (du-) +‎ *πƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ (*stōdjan), from Proto-Germanic *stōdijanΔ….

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /duˈstoːdjan/,

Verb

πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (dustōdjan)

  1. to begin, start
    • Luke 14:30:
      πƒπŒ° 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰 πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ° π„πŒΉπŒΌπŒ±π‚πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌽𐌹 πŒΌπŒ°πŒ·π„πŒ° πŒΏπƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπŒ·πŒ°πŒ½.
      sa manna dustōdida timbrjan jah ni mahta ustiuhan.
      This man began to build, and was not able to finish. (KJV)
    • 2 Corinthians, header:
      𐌳𐌿 πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΉπŒ½πŒΈπŒ°πŒΉπŒΏπŒΌ πŒ°πŒ½πŒΈπŒ°π‚πŒ° πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
      du kaurinþaium anþara dustōdeiþ
      Second to the Corinthians begins
    • 2 Corinthians 8:6:
      πƒπ…πŒ°πŒ΄πŒΉ 𐌱𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 π„πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πŒ°πŒΏπŒ½, 𐌴𐌹 πƒπ…πŒ°πƒπ…πŒ΄ π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ° πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°, πƒπ…πŒ°πŒ· πŒΏπƒπ„πŒΉπŒΏπŒ·πŒ°πŒΉ 𐌹𐌽 πŒΉπŒΆπ…πŒΉπƒ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒΈπ‰ πŒ°πŒ½πƒπ„.
      swaei bΔ“deima teitaun, ei swaswΔ“ faura dustōdida, swah ustiuhai in izwis jah þō anst.
      Insomuch that we desired Titus, that as he had begun, so he would also finish in you the same grace also. (KJV)
    • 1 Timothy, header:
      𐌳𐌿 π„πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°πŒΏπŒΈπŒ°πŒΉπŒ°πŒΏ π†π‚πŒΏπŒΌπŒ΄πŒΉ πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
      du teimauþaiau frumei dustōdeiþ
      First to Timothy begins

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
dustōdjan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°
dustōdja 		πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
dustōdida 		πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
dustōdjada
2nd singular πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
dustōdeis 		πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
dustōdidΔ“s 		πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
dustōdjaza
3rd singular πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
dustōdeiΓΎ 		πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
dustōdida 		πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
dustōdjada
1st dual πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπ‰πƒ
dustōdjōs 		πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
dustōdidΔ“du 		—
2nd dual πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
dustōdjats 		πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
dustōdidΔ“duts 		—
1st plural πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ
dustōdjam 		πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
dustōdidΔ“dum 		πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
dustōdjanda
2nd plural πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
dustōdeiΓΎ 		πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
dustōdidΔ“duΓΎ 		πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
dustōdjanda
3rd plural πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
dustōdjand 		πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
dustōdidΔ“dun 		πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
dustōdjanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
dustōdjau 		πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
dustōdidΔ“djau 		πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
dustōdjaidau
2nd singular πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
dustōdjais 		πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
dustōdidΔ“deis 		πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
dustōdjaizau
3rd singular πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ
dustōdjai 		πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
dustōdidΔ“di 		πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
dustōdjaidau
1st dual πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
dustōdjaiwa 		πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
dustōdidΔ“deiwa 		—
2nd dual πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
dustōdjaits 		πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
dustōdidΔ“deits 		—
1st plural πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
dustōdjaima 		πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
dustōdidΔ“deima 		πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
dustōdjaindau
2nd plural πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
dustōdjaiΓΎ 		πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
dustōdidΔ“deiΓΎ 		πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
dustōdjaindau
3rd plural πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
dustōdjaina 		πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
dustōdidΔ“deina 		πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
dustōdjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉ
dustōdei
3rd singular πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
dustōdjadau
2nd dual πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
dustōdjats
2nd plural πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
dustōdeiþ
3rd plural πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
dustōdjandau
Present Past
Participles πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
dustōdjands 		πŒ³πŒΏπƒπ„π‰πŒ³πŒΉπŒΈπƒ
dustōdiþs

Related terms

Further reading

  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 130
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