πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πƒ

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Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hailagaz. By surface analysis, πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πƒ (hails) +‎ -πŒ°πŒ²πƒ (-ags). Attested in only one instance, as a runic inscription on the Ring of Pietroassa.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈhɛː.laxs/

Adjective

πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πƒ β€’ (hailags)

  1. (hapax) holy, sacred
    αš·αš’α›αš¨αšΎα›α›ŸαšΉα›αšΊαš¨α›α›šαš¨αš·
    gutaniowihailag

Usage notes

  • The exact semantic differences between π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ·πƒ (weihs) and the far rarer πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΊπŒ½πƒ (airkns) and πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πƒ (hailags) are unclear. The latter two however are only attested once, whereas weihs is one of the best-attested words of the Gothic language. Airkns is only found in the Gothic Bible in affixed form (and then rarely, but it is attested as simplex in the Ostrogothic sermon recorded in the Gothica Bononiensia) with an apparent meaning leaning towards sincerity (especially sincerity of faith), and hailags is only found in a difficult-to-interpret early runic inscription from an apparently pagan context (although the pagan nature of the ring has been disputed in recent scholarship: see Mees and Markey 2018).

Declension

Attested only once, in the Runic: αšΊαš¨α›α›šαš¨αš· (hailag); lemmatization at the Biblical Gothic uncial script here is done only as a matter of convention.

A-stem
Strong (indefinite) inflection
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πƒ
hailags
𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰
hailaga
𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲, πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°π„πŒ°
hailag, hailagata
Accusative 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰
hailagana
𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰
hailaga
𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲, πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°π„πŒ°
hailag, hailagata
Genitive πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπƒ
hailagis
πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπ‰πƒ
hailagaizōs
πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπƒ
hailagis
Dative 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰
hailagamma
𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹
hailagai
𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰
hailagamma
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹
hailagai
πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ²π‰πƒ
hailagōs
𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰
hailaga
Accusative πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πƒ
hailagans
πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ²π‰πƒ
hailagōs
𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰
hailaga
Genitive 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌢𐌴
hailagaizΔ“
πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπ‰
hailagaizō
𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌢𐌴
hailagaizΔ“
Dative 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌼
hailagaim
𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌼
hailagaim
𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌼
hailagaim
Weak (definite) inflection
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰
hailaga
πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ²π‰
hailagō
πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ²π‰
hailagō
Accusative 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽
hailagan
πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ²π‰πŒ½
hailagōn
πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ²π‰
hailagō
Genitive πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πƒ
hailagins
πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ²π‰πŒ½πƒ
hailagōns
πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒΉπŒ½πƒ
hailagins
Dative 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌽
hailagin
πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ²π‰πŒ½
hailagōn
𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌹𐌽
hailagin
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πƒ
hailagans
πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ²π‰πŒ½πƒ
hailagōns
πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ²π‰πŒ½πŒ°
hailagōna
Accusative πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°πŒ½πƒ
hailagans
πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ²π‰πŒ½πƒ
hailagōns
πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ²π‰πŒ½πŒ°
hailagōna
Genitive 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌴
hailaganΔ“
πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ²π‰πŒ½π‰
hailagōnō
𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌴
hailaganΔ“
Dative 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼
hailagam
πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπŒ»πŒ°πŒ²π‰πŒΌ
hailagōm
𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼
hailagam

References

  • Bernard Mees and Thomas L. Markey, 'The Pietroasele Torc and the Conversion of the Goths', Amsterdamer BeitrΓ€ge zur Γ€lteren Germanistik 78.4 (2018)