๐Œบ๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐‚๐Œฝ

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Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kurnฤ…, from Proto-Indo-European *วตrฬฅhโ‚‚nรณm. Cognates include Crimean Gothic kor, Old English corn and Old High German korn, and Latin grฤnum.

Pronunciation

Noun

๐Œบ๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐‚๐Œฝ โ€ข (kaurnn

  1. corn, grain (harvested seeds of the main cereal plant grown in a given region, such as wheat or barley)
    • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Luke (Codex Argenteus) 3.17:[1]
      ๐Œท๐Œฐ๐Œฑ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐Œณ๐ƒ ๐…๐Œน๐Œฝ๐Œธ๐Œน๐ƒ๐Œบ๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐‚๐‰๐Œฝ ๐Œน๐Œฝ ๐Œท๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐Œณ๐Œฐ๐Œฟ ๐ƒ๐Œด๐Œน๐Œฝ๐Œฐ๐Œน ๐Œพ๐Œฐ๐Œท ๐Œฒ๐Œฐ๐Œท๐‚๐Œฐ๐Œน๐Œฝ๐Œด๐Œน๐Œธ ๐Œฒ๐Œฐ๐Œธ๐‚๐Œฐ๐ƒ๐Œบ ๐ƒ๐Œด๐Œน๐Œฝ ๐Œพ๐Œฐ๐Œท ๐Œฑ๐‚๐Œน๐Œฒ๐Œฒ๐Œน๐Œธ ๐Œบ๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐‚๐Œฝ ๐Œน๐Œฝ ๐Œฑ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐ƒ๐„๐Œฐ ๐ƒ๐Œด๐Œน๐Œฝ๐Œฐ๐Œผ๐Œผ๐Œฐ, ๐Œน๐Œธ ๐Œฐ๐Œท๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐Œฐ ๐Œน๐Œฝ๐„๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐Œณ๐Œด๐Œน๐Œธ ๐†๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐Œน๐Œฝ ๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐ˆ๐Œฐ๐€๐Œฝ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐Œณ๐Œน๐Œฝ.
      habands winรพiskaurลn in handau seinai jah gahraineiรพ gaรพrask sein jah briggiรพ kaurn in bansta seinamma, iรพ ahana intandeiรพ funin unฦ•apnandin.
      Whose fan is in his hand, and he will throughly purge his floor, and will gather the wheat into his garner; but the chaff he will burn with fire unquenchable. (KJV).
    • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Luke (Codex Argenteus) 16.7:[2]
      ๐Œธ๐Œฐ๐Œธ๐‚๐‰๐Œท ๐Œธ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ ๐Œณ๐Œฟ ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐Œธ๐Œฐ๐‚๐Œฐ๐Œผ๐Œผ๐Œฐ ๐Œต๐Œฐ๐Œธ: ๐Œฐ๐Œธ๐Œธ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ ๐Œธ๐Œฟ, ๐ˆ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ ๐†๐Œน๐Œป๐Œฟ ๐ƒ๐Œบ๐Œฐ๐Œป๐„? ๐Œน๐Œธ ๐Œน๐ƒ ๐Œต๐Œฐ๐Œธ: ๐„๐Œฐ๐Œน๐Œท๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐„๐Œฐ๐Œน๐Œท๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐Œณ ๐Œผ๐Œน๐„๐Œฐ๐Œณ๐Œด ๐Œบ๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐‚๐Œฝ๐Œน๐ƒ. ๐Œพ๐Œฐ๐Œท ๐Œต๐Œฐ๐Œธ ๐Œณ๐Œฟ ๐Œน๐Œผ๐Œผ๐Œฐ: ๐Œฝ๐Œน๐Œผ ๐Œธ๐Œฟ๐ƒ ๐Œฑ๐‰๐Œบ๐‰๐ƒ ๐Œพ๐Œฐ๐Œท ๐Œผ๐Œด๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน ๐Œฐ๐Œท๐„๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐„๐Œด๐Œท๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐Œณ.
      รพaรพrลh รพan du anรพaramma qaรพ: aรพรพan รพu, ฦ•an filu skalt? iรพ is qaรพ: taihuntaihund mitadฤ“ kaurnis. jah qaรพ du imma: nim รพus bลkลs jah mฤ“lei ahtautฤ“hund.
      Then said he to another, And how much owest thou? And he said, An hundred measures of wheat. And he said unto him, Take thy bill, and write fourscore. (KJV).
    • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Mark (Codex Argenteus) 4.28:[3]
      ๐ƒ๐Œน๐Œป๐Œฑ๐‰ ๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐Œบ ๐Œฐ๐Œน๐‚๐Œธ๐Œฐ ๐Œฐ๐Œบ๐‚๐Œฐ๐Œฝ ๐Œฑ๐Œฐ๐Œน๐‚๐Œน๐Œธ: ๐†๐‚๐Œฟ๐Œผ๐Œน๐ƒ๐„ ๐Œฒ๐‚๐Œฐ๐ƒ, ๐Œธ๐Œฐ๐Œธ๐‚๐‰๐Œท ๐Œฐ๐Œท๐ƒ, ๐Œธ๐Œฐ๐Œธ๐‚๐‰๐Œท ๐†๐Œฟ๐Œป๐Œป๐Œน๐Œธ ๐Œบ๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐‚๐Œฝ๐Œน๐ƒ ๐Œน๐Œฝ ๐Œธ๐Œฐ๐Œผ๐Œผ๐Œฐ ๐Œฐ๐Œท๐ƒ๐Œฐ.
      silbล auk airรพa akran bairiรพ: frumist gras, รพaรพrลh ahs, รพaรพrลh fulliรพ kaurnis in รพamma ahsa.
      For the earth bringeth forth fruit of herself; first the blade, then the ear, after that the full corn in the ear. (KJV).

Usage notes

This word translates Koine Greek ฯƒแฟ–ฯ„ฮฟฯ‚ (sรฎtos), as does ๐ˆ๐Œฐ๐Œน๐„๐Œด๐Œน๐ƒ (ฦ•aiteis), which is related to various Germanic words for "wheat"; Lehmann (1986) accordingly glosses the former as "grain, wheat". ๐ˆ๐Œฐ๐Œน๐„๐Œด๐Œน๐ƒ (ฦ•aiteis) seems to only be used for the plant, and ๐Œบ๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐‚๐Œฝ (kaurn) only for its grains.

Reconstruction notes

The gender (masculine or neuter) and stem (a- og i-stem) is not apparent from the attested forms; most dictionaries, however, reconstruct a neuter a-stem in line with the word's Germanic cognates.

Declension

Confer also the reconstruction notes. According to Lehmann (1986), this word was likely used as a collective noun.

Neuter a-stem
Singular Plural
Nominative ๐Œบ๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐‚๐Œฝ
kaurn
Vocative ๐Œบ๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐‚๐Œฝ
kaurn
Accusative ๐Œบ๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐‚๐Œฝ
kaurn
Genitive ๐Œบ๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐‚๐Œฝ๐Œน๐ƒ
kaurnis
Dative ๐Œบ๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐‚๐Œฝ๐Œฐ
kaurna

See also

References

  1. ^ Luke chapter 3 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.
  2. ^ Luke chapter 16 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.
  3. ^ Mark chapter 10 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.

Further reading

  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wรถrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winterโ€™s Universitรคtsbuchhandlung, p. 74