𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽

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Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kunnanΔ…, from Proto-Indo-European *Η΅neh₃-.

Pronunciation

Verb

𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 β€’ (kunnan)

  1. to know, to be familiar with

Conjugation

Variant spellings πŒΊπŒ°πŒ½πŒ½π„ (kannt), 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹 (kunnei) and 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌹 (kunnjai) are attested. Gary Miller claims the latter is a misreading for 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌿 (kunnjau) in the manuscripts.[1] Others have interpreted this as a scribal mistake (analogous formation) for the third-person singular 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹 (kunnei)/*𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌹 (*kunni).

Preterite-present
Infinitive 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽
kunnan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular 𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌽
kann
𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌰
kunΓΎa
2nd singular πŒΊπŒ°πŒ½π„
kant
πŒΊπŒΏπŒ½πŒΈπŒ΄πƒ
kunΓΎΔ“s
3rd singular 𐌺𐌰𐌽𐌽
kann
𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌰
kunΓΎa
1st dual 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿
kunnu
𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌿
kunΓΎΔ“du
2nd dual πŒΊπŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒΏπ„πƒ
kunnuts
πŒΊπŒΏπŒ½πŒΈπŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
kunΓΎΔ“duts
1st plural 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌼
kunnum
𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼
kunΓΎΔ“dum
2nd plural 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌸
kunnuΓΎ
𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸
kunΓΎΔ“duΓΎ
3rd plural 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌿𐌽
kunnun
𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽
kunΓΎΔ“dun
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌿
kunnjau
𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿
kunΓΎΔ“djau
2nd singular πŒΊπŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
kunneis
πŒΊπŒΏπŒ½πŒΈπŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
kunΓΎΔ“deis
3rd singular 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌹
kunni
𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌹
kunΓΎΔ“di
1st dual πŒΊπŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
kunneiwa
πŒΊπŒΏπŒ½πŒΈπŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
kunΓΎΔ“deiwa
2nd dual πŒΊπŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
kunneits
πŒΊπŒΏπŒ½πŒΈπŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
kunΓΎΔ“deits
1st plural 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰
kunneima
𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰
kunΓΎΔ“deima
2nd plural 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸
kunneiΓΎ
𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸
kunΓΎΔ“deiΓΎ
3rd plural 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰
kunneina
𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰
kunΓΎΔ“deina
Imperative
2nd singular
3rd singular
2nd dual
2nd plural
3rd plural
Present Past
Participles πŒΊπŒΏπŒ½πŒ½πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
kunnands
πŒΊπŒΏπŒ½πŒΈπƒ
kunΓΎs

Derived terms

Note that some of the apparent derivates are class 3 weak verbs (with infinitives ending in -ān) instead of preterite-present verbs like the above.

References

  1. ^ Miller, D. Gary (2019) The Oxford Gothic Grammar, Oxford: Oxford University Press, β†’ISBN, page 211