𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽

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Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *neþaną, from Proto-Indo-European *nét-e-, related to Proto-Tocharian *nete (might, strength). Perhaps related to *niþjaz (relative). Compare German Gnade, Dutch genade.

Verb

𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽 (niþan)

  1. to help, assist

Conjugation

Class 5 strong
Infinitive 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽
niþan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰
niþa
𐌽𐌰𐌸
naþ
𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌳𐌰
niþada
2nd singular 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌹𐍃
niþis
𐌽𐌰𐍃𐍄
nast
𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌶𐌰
niþaza
3rd singular 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌹𐌸
niþiþ
𐌽𐌰𐌸
naþ
𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌳𐌰
niþada
1st dual 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐍉𐍃
niþōs
𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌿
nēþu
2nd dual 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐍄𐍃
niþats
𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌿𐍄𐍃
nēþuts
1st plural 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌼
niþam
𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌿𐌼
nēþum
𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
niþanda
2nd plural 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌹𐌸
niþiþ
𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌿𐌸
nēþuþ
𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
niþanda
3rd plural 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳
niþand
𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌿𐌽
nēþun
𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰
niþanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌿
niþau
𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌿
nēþjau
𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿
niþaidau
2nd singular 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍃
niþais
𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍃
nēþeis
𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿
niþaizau
3rd singular 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹
niþai
𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌹
nēþi
𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿
niþaidau
1st dual 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰
niþaiwa
𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰
nēþeiwa
2nd dual 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃
niþaits
𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃
nēþeits
1st plural 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰
niþaima
𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰
nēþeima
𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
niþaindau
2nd plural 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌸
niþaiþ
𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌸
nēþeiþ
𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
niþaindau
3rd plural 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰
niþaina
𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰
nēþeina
𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
niþaindau
Imperative
2nd singular 𐌽𐌹𐌸
niþ
3rd singular 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿
niþadau
2nd dual 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐍄𐍃
niþats
2nd plural 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌹𐌸
niþiþ
3rd plural 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿
niþandau
Present Past
Participles 𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃
niþands
𐌽𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍃
niþans

References

  • Guus Kroonen (2013) “neþan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 388