πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ½

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Gothic

Etymology

From πŒΏπƒ- (us-) +‎ πŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ½ (bliggwan).

Pronunciation

  • (uncertain) IPA(key): /usˈbliΙ‘Ι‘Κ·an/, /usˈbliΕ‹Ι‘Κ·an/[1]

Verb

πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (usbliggwan) (perfective)

  1. (transitive) to beat severely, scourge

Conjugation

Class 2 strong
Infinitive πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ½
usbliggwan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°
usbliggwa
πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…
usblaggw
πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
usbliggwada
2nd singular πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΉπƒ
usbliggwis
πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…π„
usblaggwt
πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
usbliggwaza
3rd singular πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΉπŒΈ
usbliggwiΓΎ
πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒ²π…
usblaggw
πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
usbliggwada
1st dual πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…π‰πƒ
usbliggwōs
πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΏπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΏ
usbluggwu
2nd dual πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°π„πƒ
usbliggwats
πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΏπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΏπ„πƒ
usbluggwuts
1st plural πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΌ
usbliggwam
πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΏπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΏπŒΌ
usbluggwum
πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
usbliggwanda
2nd plural πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΉπŒΈ
usbliggwiΓΎ
πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΏπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΏπŒΈ
usbluggwuΓΎ
πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
usbliggwanda
3rd plural πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
usbliggwand
πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΏπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΏπŒ½
usbluggwun
πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
usbliggwanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΏ
usbliggwau
πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΏπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
usbluggwjau
πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
usbliggwaidau
2nd singular πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΉπƒ
usbliggwais
πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΏπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
usbluggweis
πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
usbliggwaizau
3rd singular πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΉ
usbliggwai
πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΏπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΉ
usbluggwi
πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
usbliggwaidau
1st dual πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
usbliggwaiwa
πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΏπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
usbluggweiwa
2nd dual πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
usbliggwaits
πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΏπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
usbluggweits
1st plural πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
usbliggwaima
πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΏπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
usbluggweima
πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
usbliggwaindau
2nd plural πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
usbliggwaiΓΎ
πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΏπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
usbluggweiΓΎ
πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
usbliggwaindau
3rd plural πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
usbliggwaina
πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΏπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
usbluggweina
πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
usbliggwaindau
Imperative
2nd singular πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…
usbliggw
3rd singular πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
usbliggwadau
2nd dual πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°π„πƒ
usbliggwats
2nd plural πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒΉπŒΈ
usbliggwiΓΎ
3rd plural πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
usbliggwandau
Present Past
Participles πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
usbliggwands
πŒΏπƒπŒ±πŒ»πŒΏπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ½πƒ
usbluggwans

References

  1. ^ There is no clear scholarly consensus as to whether <ggw> resulting from VerschΓ€rfung was pronounced with a nasal or not. (Contrast words like πƒπŒΉπŒ²πŒ²π…πŒ°πŒ½ (siggwan), where the <ggw> derives from Proto-Germanic *-ngw-, and which was very likely pronounced with a nasal.) For a selection of perspectives on the issue of whether or not there was an etymological distinction in how <ggw> was pronounced, refer to:
    • Miller, D. Gary (2019) The Oxford Gothic Grammar, Oxford: Oxford University Press, β†’ISBN, page 29
    • MagnΓΊs Snaedal, "Gothic <ggw>", Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 128 (2011)
    • James Marchand (1973) The Sounds and Phonemes of Wulfila's Gothic, pp. 87-90.