π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ½

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Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *firinōnΔ…. By surface analysis, π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½πŒ° (fairina) +‎ -π‰πŒ½ (-ōn).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈfΙ›rinoːn/

Verb

π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ½ β€’ (fairinōn)

  1. to accuse, blame
    • 2 Corinthians 8:20:
      πŒ±πŒΉπ…πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πƒ πŒΈπŒ°π„πŒ°, 𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹 πˆπŒ°πƒ πŒΏπŒ½πƒ π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ 𐌹𐌽 πŒ³πŒΉπŒ²π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½ 𐌸𐌹𐌢𐌰𐌹 πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ±πŒ°πŒ·π„πŒΉπŒ³π‰πŒ½ π†π‚πŒ°πŒΌ πŒΏπŒ½πƒ;
      biwandjandans ΓΎata, ibai Ζ•as uns fairinōdΔ“di in digrein ΓΎizai andbahtidōn fram uns;
      Avoiding this, that no man should blame us in this abundance which is administered by us: (KJV)
    • 2 Timothy 3:3:
      πŒΏπŒ½πŒ·πŒΏπŒ½πƒπŒ»πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°πŒΉ, 𐌿𐌽𐌼𐌹𐌻𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌹, π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πƒ, πŒΏπŒ½πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πƒ πƒπŒΉπŒΊ, πŒΏπŒ½πŒΌπŒ°πŒ½πŒ°π‚πŒΉπŒ²π…πŒ°πŒΉ, πŒΏπŒ½πƒπŒ΄πŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ,
      unhunslagai, unmildjai, fairinōndans, ungahabandans sik, unmanarigwai, unsΔ“ljai,
      Without natural affection, trucebreakers, false accusers, incontinent, fierce, despisers of those that are good, (KJV)
  2. to attack (used to translate a metaphorical use of κατΡσθίω (katesthíō, β€œeat up, devour”))
    • Galatians 5:15:
      𐌹𐌸 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 πŒΉπŒΆπ…πŒΉπƒ πŒΌπŒΉπƒπƒπ‰ πŒ±πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πŒΉπŒΈ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚π‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒΈ, πƒπŒ°πŒΉπˆπŒΉπŒΈ, 𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹 π†π‚πŒ°πŒΌ πŒΉπŒΆπ…πŒΉπƒ πŒΌπŒΉπƒπƒπ‰ π†π‚πŒ°πŒ΅πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ.
      iΓΎ jabai izwis missō beitiΓΎ jah fairrinōþ, saiΖ•iΓΎ, ibai fram izwis missō fraqimaindau.
      But if ye bite and devour one another, take heed that ye be not consumed one of another. (KJV)

Conjugation

A variant spelling π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚π‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒΈ (fairrinōþ) is attested instead of the expected (and unattested) spelling π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒΈ (fairinōþ).

Class 2 weak
Infinitive π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ½
fairinōn
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰
fairinō
π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ°
fairinōda
π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ°
fairinōda
2nd singular π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πƒ
fairinōs
π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
fairinōdΔ“s
π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒΆπŒ°
fairinōza
3rd singular π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒΈ
fairinōþ
π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ°
fairinōda
π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ°
fairinōda
1st dual π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πƒ
fairinōs
π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
fairinōdΔ“du
2nd dual π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰π„πƒ
fairinōts
π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
fairinōdΔ“duts
1st plural π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒΌ
fairinōm
π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
fairinōdΔ“dum
π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
fairinōnda
2nd plural π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒΈ
fairinōþ
π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
fairinōdΔ“duΓΎ
π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
fairinōnda
3rd plural π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ½πŒ³
fairinōnd
π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
fairinōdΔ“dun
π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
fairinōnda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰
fairinō
π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
fairinōdΔ“djau
π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
fairinōdau
2nd singular π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πƒ
fairinōs
π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
fairinōdΔ“deis
π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
fairinōzau
3rd singular π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰
fairinō
π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
fairinōdΔ“di
π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
fairinōdau
1st dual π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰π…πŒ°
fairinōwa
π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
fairinōdΔ“deiwa
2nd dual π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰π„πƒ
fairinōts
π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
fairinōdΔ“deits
1st plural π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒΌπŒ°
fairinōma
π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
fairinōdΔ“deima
π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
fairinōndau
2nd plural π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒΈ
fairinōþ
π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
fairinōdΔ“deiΓΎ
π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
fairinōndau
3rd plural π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ½πŒ°
fairinōna
π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
fairinōdΔ“deina
π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
fairinōndau
Imperative
2nd singular π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰
fairinō
3rd singular π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
fairinōdau
2nd dual π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰π„πƒ
fairinōts
2nd plural π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒΈ
fairinōþ
3rd plural π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
fairinōndau
Present Past
Participles π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
fairinōnds
π†πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΉπŒ½π‰πŒΈπƒ
fairinōþs

Derived terms

Further reading

  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 31