π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½

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Gothic

Etymology

π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°- (faura-) +‎ π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ (rahnjan), a calque of Ancient Greek προηγέομαι (proΔ“gΓ©omai).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /fΙ”raˈrahnjan/

Verb

π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (faurarahnjan)

  1. to outdo
    • Romans 12:10:
      πŒ±π‚π‰πŒΈπ‚πŒ°πŒ»πŒΏπŒ±π‰πŒ½ 𐌹𐌽 πŒΉπŒΆπ…πŒΉπƒ πŒΌπŒΉπƒπƒπ‰ π†π‚πŒΉπŒ°πŒΈπ…πŒ°πŒΌπŒΉπŒ»πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ; πƒπ…πŒ΄π‚πŒΉπŒΈπŒ°πŒΉ πŒΉπŒΆπ…πŒΉπƒ πŒΌπŒΉπƒπƒπ‰ π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πƒ
      brōþralubōn in izwis missō friaΓΎwamildjai; swΔ“riΓΎai izwis missō faurarahnjandans
      Love one another with brotherly affection; outdo one another in showing honor. (RSV)

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
Infinitive π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
faurarahnjan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°
faurarahnja 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
faurarahnida 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
faurarahnjada
2nd singular π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
faurarahneis 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
faurarahnidΔ“s 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
faurarahnjaza
3rd singular π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
faurarahneiΓΎ 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
faurarahnida 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
faurarahnjada
1st dual π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπ‰πƒ
faurarahnjōs 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
faurarahnidΔ“du 		—
2nd dual π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
faurarahnjats 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
faurarahnidΔ“duts 		—
1st plural π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ
faurarahnjam 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
faurarahnidΔ“dum 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
faurarahnjanda
2nd plural π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
faurarahneiΓΎ 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
faurarahnidΔ“duΓΎ 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
faurarahnjanda
3rd plural π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
faurarahnjand 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
faurarahnidΔ“dun 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
faurarahnjanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
faurarahnjau 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
faurarahnidΔ“djau 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
faurarahnjaidau
2nd singular π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
faurarahnjais 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
faurarahnidΔ“deis 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
faurarahnjaizau
3rd singular π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ
faurarahnjai 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
faurarahnidΔ“di 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
faurarahnjaidau
1st dual π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
faurarahnjaiwa 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
faurarahnidΔ“deiwa 		—
2nd dual π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
faurarahnjaits 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
faurarahnidΔ“deits 		—
1st plural π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
faurarahnjaima 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
faurarahnidΔ“deima 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
faurarahnjaindau
2nd plural π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
faurarahnjaiΓΎ 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
faurarahnidΔ“deiΓΎ 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
faurarahnjaindau
3rd plural π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
faurarahnjaina 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
faurarahnidΔ“deina 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
faurarahnjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉ
faurarahnei
3rd singular π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
faurarahnjadau
2nd dual π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
faurarahnjats
2nd plural π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
faurarahneiΓΎ
3rd plural π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
faurarahnjandau
Present Past
Participles π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
faurarahnjands 		π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒ·πŒ½πŒΉπŒΈπƒ
faurarahniΓΎs

Further reading

  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 109
Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia