π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½

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Gothic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *frΔ«dijanΔ….

Pronunciation

Verb

π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½ β€’ (freidjan)

  1. (transitive) to spare (preserve from danger or punishment)
    • Romans 11:21:
      𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹 𐌲𐌿𐌸 πŒΈπŒ°πŒ½πƒ πŒΏπƒ πŒ²πŒ°πŒ±πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΈπŒ°πŒΉ πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒ½πƒ 𐌽𐌹 π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°, 𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹 πŒ°πŒΏπ†π„π‰ 𐌽𐌹 𐌸𐌿𐌺 π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ.
      þandei guþ þans us gabaurþai astans ni freidida, ibai auftō ni þuk freidjai.
      For if God spared not the natural branches, take heed lest he also spare not thee. (KJV)
    • 1 Corinthians 7:28:
      𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 πŒ½πŒΉπŒΌπŒΉπƒ 𐌡𐌴𐌽, 𐌽𐌹 π†π‚πŒ°π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ·π„πŒ΄πƒ, 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌳𐌰 πŒΌπŒ°π…πŒΉ, 𐌽𐌹 π†π‚πŒ°π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ·π„πŒ°, 𐌹𐌸 πŒ°πŒ²πŒ»π‰πŒ½ πŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπŒΉπƒ πŒ²πŒ°πƒπ„πŒ°πŒ»πŒ³πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³ πŒΈπ‰ πƒπ…πŒ°πŒ»πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΊπŒ°. 𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌺 πŒΉπŒΆπ…πŒΉπƒ π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°.
      aΓΎΓΎan jabai nimis qΔ“n, ni frawaurhtΔ“s, jah jabai liugada mawi, ni frawaurhta, iΓΎ aglōn leikis gastaldand þō swaleika. iΓΎ ik izwis freidja.
      But and if thou marry, thou hast not sinned; and if a virgin marry, she hath not sinned. Nevertheless such shall have trouble in the flesh: but I spare you. (KJV)
  2. (intransitive, with genitive object) to spare
    • 2 Corinthians 1:23:
      𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌹𐌺 π…πŒ΄πŒΉπ„π…π‰πŒ³ 𐌲𐌿𐌸 πŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πŒ·πŒ°πŒΉπ„πŒ° 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌼𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹 πƒπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°πŒ»πŒ°πŒΉ 𐌴𐌹 π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ πŒΉπŒΆπ…πŒ°π‚πŒ° πŒΈπŒ°πŒ½πŒ°πƒπŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈπƒ 𐌽𐌹 𐌡𐌰𐌼 𐌹𐌽 πŒΊπŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΉπŒ½πŒΈπ‰πŒ½.
      aþþan ik weitwōd guþ anahaita ana meinai saiwalai ei freidjands izwara þanaseiþs ni qam in kaurinþōn.
      Moreover I call God for a record upon my soul, that to spare you I came not as yet unto Corinth. (KJV)
  3. (intransitive) to forbear, spare
    • 2 Corinthians 12:6:
      𐌰𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 π…πŒΉπŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ πˆπ‰π€πŒ°πŒ½, 𐌽𐌹 πƒπŒΉπŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ πŒΏπŒ½π…πŒΉπ„πŒ°, πŒΏπŒ½π„πŒ΄ πƒπŒΏπŒ½πŒΎπŒ° 𐌡𐌹𐌸𐌰, 𐌹𐌸 π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°, 𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌹 πˆπŒ°πƒ 𐌹𐌽 πŒΌπŒΉπƒ 𐍈𐌰 𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌹 πŒΏπ†πŒ°π‚ πŒΈπŒ°π„πŒ΄πŒΉ πŒ²πŒ°πƒπŒ°πŒΉπˆπŒΉπŒΈ 𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌿 [𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌸𐌰𐌿] πŒ²πŒ°πŒ·πŒ°πŒΏπƒπŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ 𐍈𐌰 πŒΏπƒ πŒΌπŒΉπƒ.
      aΓΎΓΎan jabai wiljau ƕōpan, ni sijau unwita, untΔ“ sunja qiΓΎa, iΓΎ freidja, ibai Ζ•as in mis Ζ•a muni ufar ΓΎatei gasaiΖ•iΓΎ aiΓΎΓΎau [aiΓΎΓΎau] gahauseiΓΎ Ζ•a us mis.
      For though I would desire to glory, I shall not be a fool; for I will say the truth: but now I forbear, lest any man should think of me above that which he seeth me to be, or that he heareth of me. (KJV)
    • 2 Corinthians 13:2:
      π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°πŒ΅πŒ°πŒΈ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ°π†π„π‚πŒ° π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ°πŒ²πŒ°π„πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ·πŒ°, πƒπ…πŒ°πƒπ…πŒ΄ πŒ°πŒ½πŒ³π…πŒ°πŒΉπ‚πŒΈπƒ πŒ°πŒ½πŒΈπŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΌπŒΌπŒ° πƒπŒΉπŒ½πŒΈπŒ° 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ°πŒ»πŒΎπŒ°πŒΈπ‚π‰ 𐌽𐌿 𐌼𐌴𐌻𐌾𐌰 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌼 π†πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒ° π†π‚πŒ°π…πŒ°πŒΏπ‚πŒΊπŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΌ 𐌾𐌰𐌷 πŒ°πŒ½πŒΈπŒ°π‚πŒ°πŒΉπŒΌ 𐌰𐌻𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌼, πŒΈπŒ°π„πŒ΄πŒΉ 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐌡𐌹𐌼𐌰, πŒ°π†π„π‚πŒ° 𐌽𐌹 π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°.
      fauraqaΓΎ jah aftra fauragateiha, swaswΔ“ andwairΓΎs anΓΎaramma sinΓΎa jah aljaΓΎrō nu mΔ“lja ΓΎaim faura frawaurkjandam jah anΓΎaraim allaim, ΓΎatei jabai qima, aftra ni freidja.
      I told you before, and foretell you, as if I were present, the second time; and being absent now I write to them which heretofore have sinned, and to all other, that, if I come again, I will not spare: (KJV)

Conjugation

Class 1 weak
Infinitive π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½
freidjan
Indicative Present Past Present passive
1st singular π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°
freidja
π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
freidida
π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
freidjada
2nd singular π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
freideis
π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πƒ
freididΔ“s
π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΆπŒ°
freidjaza
3rd singular π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
freideiΓΎ
π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°
freidida
π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°
freidjada
1st dual π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπ‰πƒ
freidjōs
π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏ
freididΔ“du
2nd dual π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
freidjats
π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπ„πƒ
freididΔ“duts
1st plural π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΌ
freidjam
π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΌ
freididΔ“dum
π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
freidjanda
2nd plural π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
freideiΓΎ
π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒΈ
freididΔ“duΓΎ
π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
freidjanda
3rd plural π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³
freidjand
π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΏπŒ½
freididΔ“dun
π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°
freidjanda
Subjunctive Present Past Present passive
1st singular π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
freidjau
π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΏ
freididΔ“djau
π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
freidjaidau
2nd singular π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπƒ
freidjais
π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπƒ
freididΔ“deis
π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΆπŒ°πŒΏ
freidjaizau
3rd singular π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉ
freidjai
π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒΉ
freididΔ“di
π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
freidjaidau
1st dual π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ…πŒ°
freidjaiwa
π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ…πŒ°
freididΔ“deiwa
2nd dual π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπ„πƒ
freidjaits
π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπ„πƒ
freididΔ“deits
1st plural π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
freidjaima
π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΌπŒ°
freididΔ“deima
π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
freidjaindau
2nd plural π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒΈ
freidjaiΓΎ
π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
freididΔ“deiΓΎ
π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
freidjaindau
3rd plural π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
freidjaina
π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ½πŒ°
freididΔ“deina
π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒΉπŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
freidjaindau
Imperative
2nd singular π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉ
freidei
3rd singular π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
freidjadau
2nd dual π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°π„πƒ
freidjats
2nd plural π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒ΄πŒΉπŒΈ
freideiΓΎ
3rd plural π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πŒ°πŒΏ
freidjandau
Present Past
Participles π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΎπŒ°πŒ½πŒ³πƒ
freidjands
π†π‚πŒ΄πŒΉπŒ³πŒΉπŒΈπƒ
freidiΓΎs

Derived terms

Further reading

  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches WΓΆrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s UniversitΓ€tsbuchhandlung, p. 38