๐Žฟ๐Žฃ๐Ž 

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Old Persian

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Reliefs depicting the soldiers of the Achaemenid army, Xerxes I tomb, circa 480 BCE. The Achaemenids referred to all nomads to their north as Saka, and divided them into three categories: The Sakฤ tyai paradraya ("beyond the sea"), the Sakฤ tigraxaudฤ ("with pointed caps"), and the Sakฤ haumavargฤ ("who lay Haoma around").[1]

Etymology

    Masculine gender term formed from ๐Žฟ๐Žฃ (s-k /โ Sakaโ /, โ€œScythiaโ€) +‎ -๐Ž  (-a, adjectival suffix), used as a substantive.[2]

    Compare ๐Žฟ๐Žฃ๐Žก๐Žฒ๐Žก๐ (s-k-i-b-i-ลก /โ Sakaibiลกโ /)

    Proper noun

    ๐Žฟ๐Žฃ๐Ž  (s-k-a /Sakฤ/)

    1. Scythia

    Noun

    ๐Žฟ๐Žฃ๐Ž  (s-k-a /Sakฤ/)

    1. Scythian
    2. Saka
      • DNa 24-29
        ๐ ๐€๐Žผ๐Žฃ ๐ ๐ƒ๐Žผ๐Žข๐Žบ๐Žซ๐Žก๐ ๐ ๐Žฐ๐Žซ๐Žฆ๐Žข๐ ๐ ๐Žฅ๐Žญ๐Ž ๐Žผ๐
        ๐ ๐ƒ๐Žก๐Žฏ๐Žข๐ ๐ ๐Žฟ๐Žฃ๐Ž  ๐ ๐ƒ๐Žข๐Žถ๐Žบ๐Žผ๐Žฅ๐Ž  ๐ ๐Žฟ๐Žฃ๐Ž 
        ๐ ๐Žซ๐Žก๐Žฅ๐Žผ๐Žง๐Žข๐Žญ๐Ž  ๐ ๐Žฒ๐Ž ๐Žฒ๐Žก๐Žฝ๐Žข๐ ๐ ๐Ž ๐Žฐ๐Žข๐Žผ๐Ž 
        ๐ ๐Ž ๐Žผ๐Žฒ๐Ž ๐Žน ๐ ๐Žธ๐Žข๐Žญ๐Žผ๐Ž ๐Žน ๐ ๐Ž ๐Žผ๐Žท๐Žก๐Žด
        ๐ ๐Žฃ๐Žซ๐Žฑ๐Žฌ๐Žข๐Žฃ ๐ ๐Žฟ๐Žฑ๐Žผ๐Žญ ๐ ๐Žน๐Žข๐Žด ๐ ๐Žฟ๐Žฃ๐Ž  ๐ ๐Žซ๐Žน๐Žก๐Žน ๐ ๐Žฑ๐Žผ๐Žญ๐Žผ๐Žน
        ๐ ๐Žฟ๐Žค๐Žข๐Žญ๐Žผ ๐ ๐Žน๐Žข๐Žด๐Ž  ๐ ๐Žซ๐Žฃ๐Žฒ๐Žผ๐Ž  ๐ ๐Žฑ๐Žข๐Žซ๐Ž ๐Žน๐Ž 
        : z-r-k : h-r-u-v-t-i-ลก : ฮธ-t-gu-u-ลก : g-d-a-r :
        : h-i-du-u-ลก : s-k-a : h-u-m-v-r-g-a : s-k-a
        : t-i-g-r-x-u-d-a : b-a-b-i-ru-u-ลก : a-ฮธ-u-r-a
        : a-r-b-a-y : mu-u-d-r-a-y : a-r-mi-i-n
        : k-t-p-tu-u-k : s-p-r-d : y-u-n : s-k-a : t-y-i-y : p-r-d-r-y
        : s-ku-u-d-r : y-u-n-a : t-k-b-r-a : p-u-t-a-y-a
        /: Zraโฟka : Harauvatiลก : ฮ˜ataguลก : Gaโฟdฤra
         : Hiโฟduลก : Sakฤ : haumavargฤ : Sakฤ
        : tigraxaudฤ : Bฤbirauลก : Aฮธurฤ
        : Arabฤya : Mudrฤya : Armina
        : Katpatuka : Sparda : Yauna : Sakฤ : tayaiy : paradraya
         : Skudra : Yaunฤ : takabarฤ : Putฤyฤ
        /

        Drangiana, Arachosia, Sattagydia, Gandhara,
        India, the Scythians who lay around hauma-plants, the Scythians
        with pointed caps, Babylon, Assyria,
        Arabia, Egypt, Armenia,
        Cappadocia, Lydia, Greece, the Scythians who are across the Sea,
        Thrace, the Greeks who wear shield-like hats, Libya

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • โ†’ Sanskrit: เคถเค• (ล›aka)
      • โ†’ English: Saka
      • โ†’ Hindi: เคถเค• (ล›ak)

    References