𐏃𐎨𐎠

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Old Persian

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *háčaH.

Preposition

𐏃𐎨𐎠 (h-c-a /hacā/)

from, since
- 5th century BCE, Behistun Inscription, column 1, line 7:
  𐎺𐎹𐎶 𐏐 𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁𐎡𐎹𐎠 𐏐 𐎰𐏃𐎹𐎠𐎶𐏃𐎹 𐏐 𐏃𐎨𐎠 𐏐 𐎱𐎽𐎢𐎻[𐎡𐎹𐎫 𐏐] 𐎠𐎶𐎠𐎫𐎠 𐏐 𐎠𐎶/𐏃𐎹
  vayam : Haxāmanišiyā : ϑahyāmahy : hacā : paruviyata : āmātā : amahy
  We are called Achaemenids (because) we are distinguished from old

Descendants

Middle Persian: (/⁠(early) hač, (late) az⁠/, “of, from, with”)
Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫝 (ʾc), 𐫀𐫉 (ʾz)

Book Pahlavi script: (MN), (hc)

Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭬𐭭 (mn)

Psalter Pahlavi script: (MN)

Pazend script: 𐬆𐬗 (əc)
- Bakhtiari: از (äz), (zi), زه (ze)
- Northern Luri:
  Nahavandi: از (äz)
  
  Balagarive: داْ (de)
- Southern Luri: از (äz), ا (ä)
- Classical Persian: از (az)
  Dari: از (az)
  
  Iranian Persian: از (äz)
  
  Tajik: аз (az)
  
  Judeo-Tat: əz
  
  Tat: ا (ä), از (äz)
- → Gilaki: از (äz)
- → Proto-Komisenian:
  - Sorkhei: از (äz)
  - Lasgerdi: از (az)
  - Sangisari: از (äz)
- → Middle Median:
  - Kermanic: (“of, from, with”)
    Farizandi, Gazi, Kafroni, Kesehi, Sedehi, Vonishuni, Qohrudi, Zefrehi: äz
    
    Khunsari: ez
  - → Sivandi: äz, ä
- → Parachi: az

References

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Skjærvø, Prods Oktor (2016) An Introduction to Old Persian‎

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