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Middle Persian
𐭪𐭥𐭲 ( -krt /-kirt, -gird/ ) , 𐭪𐭥𐭲𐭩 ( -krty /-kirt, -gird/ ) , 𐭪𐭫𐭲𐭩 ( klty /-kirt, -gird/ ) — Inscriptional Pahlavi ( -krt' /-kirt, -gird/ ) — Book Pahlavi -𐫃𐫏𐫡𐫅 ( -gyrd ) — Manichaean
Etymology From Old Persian 𐎣𐎼𐎫 ( k-r-t /karta/ , “ made, done ” ) (compare ( /duškarta/ , “ ill-done ” ) ),[ 1] [ 2] Proto-Indo-Iranian *kr̥tás ( “ done, made ” ) , from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- ( “ to do, make, construct ” ) ; see کردن ( kardan ) for more. Compare Ancient Greek Ζαδρακάρτα ( Zadrakárta , “ Zadracarta ” ) ,[ 3]
Akin to Inscriptional Parthian -𐭊𐭓𐭕 ( -krt /-kirt, -gird/ ) , 𐭃𐭎𐭕𐭊𐭓𐭕 ( dstkrt /dastgird/ , “ estate ” ) , 𐭇𐭔𐭕𐭓𐭊𐭓𐭕 ( ḥštrkrt /Šahrgird/ , “ a Sasanian fortress ” ) , Manichaean Sogdian 𐫡𐫟𐫘𐫏𐫗𐫤𐫀𐫏𐫐𐫏𐫡𐫔 ( rxsyntʾykyrδ /əraxsinder-kird/ , “ Alexandria ” ) ,[ 4] Old Armenian -կերտ ( -kert , literally “ made, done ” ) , դաստ-ա-կերտ ( dast-a-kert , “ possession, property; building, village ” , literally “ handmade ” ) , ձեռ-ա-կերտ ( jeṙ-a-kert , “ manufacture ” ) , Տիգրան-ա-կերտ ( Tigran-a-kert , “ Tigranocerta ” , literally “ founded by Tigran ” ) , Խոսրով-ա-կերտ ( Xosrov-a-kert , literally “ founded by Khosrov ” ) ,[ 2] Ալաշկերտ ( Alaškert ) , Մանազկերտ ( Manazkert ) , Մանաւազակերտ ( Manawazakert ) , Ancient Greek Μαντζικέρτ ( Mantzikért ) , Turkish Malazgirt Ancient Greek φρούριον Γιλιγέρδων ( phroúrion Giligérdōn ) .[ 5]
Compare kltk' .
Suffix 𐭪𐭫𐭲 • (klt /-kirt, -gird /)
( literally ) made by
suffix forming city names
Derived terms 𐫅𐫘𐫤𐫏𐫃𐫏𐫡𐫅 ( dstygyrd ) , ( YDEkrt' ) , ( dstkrt' ) , 𐭣𐭮𐭲𐭪𐭫𐭲 ( dstklt /dast(a)gird/ , “ estate ” ) ( ʾlxsyndrgyrd /Alaxsindargird/ , “ Alexandria in Roman Egypt ” ) [ 4] ( plʾhwklt /Frāxkard/ ) ( plškrt' /fraš(a)gird/ ) 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭪𐭥𐭲 ( štrkrty /Šahrgird/ , “ Sasanian fortress ” ) 𐭩𐭦𐭣𐭪𐭫𐭲𐭩 ( yzdklty /Yazdgird/ ) , 𐭩𐭦𐭣𐭪𐭥𐭲𐭩 ( yzdkrty /Yazdgird/ , “ Yazdegerd ” , literally “ made by god ” )
Borrowed terms → Arabic: جرد ( -jird ) ( transliteration ) → Old Armenian: -կերտ ( -kert )
Descendants Persian: ـگرد ( -gerd, -gard ) , ـجرد ( -jerd ) , ـکرت ( -kert ) دستجرد ( dastjerd ) , دستگرد ( dastgerd , “ Dastgerd ” ) سوسنگرد ( susangerd , “ Susangerd ” ) دارابگرد ( dârâbgard , “ Darabgard ” ) بروجرد ( borujerd , “ Boroujerd ” ) بهرامجرد ( bahrâmjerd , “ Bahramjerd ” ) ولوگرد ( valugerd ) , ولوجرد ( valujerd , “ Valujerd ” ) بشاگرد ( bašâgard , “ Bashagard ” ) ملازگرد ( malâzgerd , “ Malazgirt ” ) میلاجرد ( milâjerd ) طغرلجرد ( toğroljerd ) راهجرد ( râhjerd ) سامانجرد ( sâmânjerd ) بارانگرد ( bârângerd ) بختاجرد بزنجرد ولازجرد ( valâzjerd ) ولاشجرد ( valâšjerd ) بهجرد ( behjerd ) انجرد ( anjerd ) ساسانجرد ( sâsânjerd ) شاپورگرد ( šâpurgerd ) مهرجرد ( mehrjerd , “ a village and fort ” ) سیاوش گرد ( siyâvaš gerd ) attested in Shahnameh*آزادگرد ( *-âzâdgerd ) , attested as اَزَادْجِرْد ( azādjird ) in al-Istakhri's al-masalik wa al-mamalik ایران گرده ( irân gerda, garda? ) , ایران کرده ( irân karda? , “ Minar of Firuzabad ?” , literally “ made by Aryans? ” ) (hapax in Fars-Nama
References
^ http://www.kavehfarrokh.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/index3.pdf ↑ 2.0 2.1 Schmitt, Rüdiger (1987 ) “Armenia and Iran IV. Iranian influences in Armenian 1. General”, in Ehsan Yarshater , editor, Encyclopædia Iranica 445–459 ^ Wiesehöfer, Josef (Kiel), “Zadracarta”, in: Brill’s New Pauly, Antiquity volumes edited by: Hubert Cancik and , Helmuth Schneider. Consulted online on 24 June 2017 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e12214250 >↑ 4.0 4.1 Places and people in Central Asia and in the Graeco-Roman Near East : a multilingual gazetteer from select Pre-Islamic sources
^ Welt des Orients 19 , 96-101, ISSN 0043-2547