𐰓𐰃

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Old Turkic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *-ti. Cognate with Chuvash -Ρ€Σ— (-rΔ•), Turkish -di, Uzbek -di, Kazakh -Π΄Ρ– (-dΔ±).

Suffix

𐰓𐰃 (-di)

  1. Forms past tense of verbs
    ‎-𐰆𐰲 (uč-, β€œ1. to fly 2. to die”) + ‎𐰓𐰃 (dΒ²i) β†’ ‎𐰆𐰲𐰑𐰃 (učdΓ―, β€œhe/she/it flew/died”)

Usage notes

  1. The consonant mutates from 𐰓 (d) to 𐱅 (t) after being appended to a verb that ends with the consonants l, r and n.
    ‎-π°‰π°†π°ž (bol-, β€œto be”) + ‎𐰓𐰃 (dΒ²i) β†’ ‎𐰉𐰆𐰑𐰃 (boltΓ―, β€œit happened”)
  2. Unlike most tenses, this tense can take personal suffixes.
    ‎-π°†π°žπ°Ί (olur-, β€œto sit”) + ‎𐰓𐰃 (dΒ²i) β†’ ‎π°†π°žπ°Ίπ±ƒπ°’ (olurtum, β€œI sat”)
  3. Can be appended to 𐰼 (er-) in order to be used with other verbs or nouns to indicate the state the subject used to be.
    ‎𐰋 (eb, β€œhouse”) + ‎𐰼𐱅𐰃 (rΒ²tΒ²i) β†’ ‎𐰋:𐰼𐱅𐰃 (eb:erti, β€œit used to be a house.”)
    ‎𐰉𐰺𐰃𐰺 (barΓ―r, β€œhe/she/it goes”) + ‎𐰼𐱅𐰃 (rΒ²tΒ²i) β†’ ‎𐰉𐰺𐰃𐰺:𐰼𐱅𐰃 (barΓ―r:erti, β€œhe/she/it used to go”)

Alternative forms

Derived terms

References

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia