Inherited from Proto-Turkic *āl (“scarlet”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰞 (al), Tatar ал (al) and Turkish al.
𐽰𐽰𐾁 (al /ʾʾl/)
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *āl (“device”). Cognate with Karakhanid آل (āl, “trick, subterfuge”), Mamluk-Kipchak ال (al, “deceit”), Ottoman Turkish آل (al, “trick, trap”).
The word originally had a neutral connotation, used for both 'honorable' and 'dishonorable' methods for war (cf. 𐽰𐽰𐾁 𐽽𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽿 (al čeviš, “war tactics, methods used to win wars”)). Later gained negative connotations in all Turkic languages, including Old Uyghur, although some positive connotations survived.
𐽰𐽰𐾁 (al /ʾʾl/)
| singular | definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | 𐽰𐽰𐾁 (ʾʾl) | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾʾllʾr) |
| genitive | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾʾlnynk) | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾʾllʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽷𐽰 (ʾʾlkʾ) | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (ʾʾllʾrkʾ) |
| accusative | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽲 (ʾʾlyq), 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽺𐽶 (ʾʾlny) | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (ʾʾllʾryq), 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ʾʾllʾrny) |
| locative | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽰 (ʾʾltʾ) | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (ʾʾllʾrtʾ) |
| ablative | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾʾltyn) | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (ʾʾllʾrtyn) |
| instrumental | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽺 (ʾʾlyn) | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ʾʾllʾryn) |
| equative | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽽𐽰 (ʾʾlčʾ) | |
| directive | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ʾʾlkʾrw) | |
| similative | 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾʾllʾyw) |
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *al (“front, prior”) and its inflected form *ald-, seen sporadically in corpus. Cognate with Karakhanid الين (alın, “...in the presence of”) Chagatai الين (alïn, “before, in front of”), Kazakh алда (earlier, before), Tuvan адаанда (adaanda, “under”) and Turkish alt (“under”).
Attested quite rarely in other historic Turkic languages, surviving only in select descendants from Proto-Turkic.
Sense 1 "below" is secondary, superseding the original meaning of "front".
𐽰𐽰𐾁 (al /ʾʾl/)
Orthographic aberration of 𐽰𐽳𐾁 (ol /ʾwl/). For the confusion in writing, compare the inflected forms of 𐽰𐽳𐾁 (ol, “he, she, it; 3rd person singular pronoun”); mainly, 𐽰𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (anïŋ /ʾʾnynk/, “his, her, its (Gen.)”), 𐽰𐽰𐽺𐽶 (aŋï /ʾʾny/, “him, her, it (Acc.)”), 𐽰𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽰 (aŋa /ʾʾnka/, “to him, her, it (Dat.)”), and so on.
𐽰𐽰𐾁 (al /ʾʾl/)
| 𐽰𐽰𐽲 (ak), 𐽽𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽺 (čagan), 𐽲𐽶𐽿𐽲𐽰 (kïšga), 𐽶𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽺𐽷 (yürüŋ) | 𐽼𐽳𐽴 (boz), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kök) | 𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽰 (kara) |
| 𐽰𐽰𐾁 (al), 𐽽𐽳𐽴𐽰 (čuza), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽶𐾁 (kïzgïl), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 (kïzïl) | 𐽰𐽰𐾁 𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (al sarïg), 𐽰𐽰𐽾 (ar), 𐽼𐽳𐽴𐽶𐽾𐽲𐽳 (bozïrgu), 𐽶𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽴 (yagïz) | 𐽻𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (sarïg), 𐽷𐽾𐽰𐽴𐽰𐽷𐽲 (karaža) |
| 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kök), 𐽶𐽰𐽿 (yaš), 𐽶𐽰𐽿𐽶𐾁 (yašïl), 𐽴𐽾𐽲𐽳𐽺𐽽 (zargunč) | ||
| 𐽽𐽰𐽽 (čač) | 𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽾 (čakïr), 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷 (kök) | 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽳𐽿 (köküš), 𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀 (razavart) |
| 𐽾𐽴𐽰𐽱𐽾𐾀 (razavart), 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (yipgin) | 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽷𐽶𐽺 (yipgin), 𐽶𐽶𐽼𐽳𐽺 (yipün) | 𐽽𐽶𐽱𐽻𐽶𐽲 (čivsig), 𐽽𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽻𐽶𐽲 (čögsig), 𐽲𐽶𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (kïzgan), 𐽻𐽰𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺 (sazgan) |