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Old Uyghur
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *üč (“three”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰇𐰲 (üč), Chuvash виҫҫӗ (viśśĕ, “three”), Turkish üç (“three”), Uzbek uch (“three”), Bashkir өс (ös, “three”), Yakut үс (üs, “three”).
Numeral
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 (üč /ʾwyc/)
- three
c. 11th century, Tale of Prince Kalyāṇaṃkara and Papamkara, XVII.6:𐽷𐽶𐽿𐽶 𐽰𐾁𐽲𐽳 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽳𐽾 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽳𐽺𐽽 𐽻𐽳𐽱𐽸𐽰
𐽶𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐽰𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽼 […] 𐽷𐽹𐽶 𐽻𐽳𐽱𐽲𐽰
𐽽𐽳𐽹𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽾 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽽 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳 𐾀𐽰𐽷𐽴𐽶𐽺𐽽 𐽷- kiši alḳu ölür. Üčünč, suvda
yekler urup kémi suvḳa
čomurur. Törtünč, uluġ tezginčke - all people die. Third
demons might attack the ship in the water
sink it to the sea. Fourth a great tide-rip
c. 12th century, A letter to a bishop, MTT0751(U6069:8):𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽼𐽰𐽾 𐾀𐽶𐽼 𐽻𐽰𐽱𐽸𐽰 𐾀𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽺𐽹𐽰𐽴- lig üč öper, tép savda teginmez
- kisses three times, does not arrive at words
Compound terms
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽺𐽳𐽹𐾁𐽰𐽾 (Üč agïlïk nomlar, “Tripiṭaka”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽾𐽶 𐽻𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳 (üč adrï süŋü, “trident”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽰𐽱𐽶𐽺 𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽴𐽶𐾁 𐾀𐽶𐽲𐾁𐽶 (üč evin kïzïl tiglé, “maternal reproductive core (lit. 'three red waterdrops')”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽹 (üč ekim, “trifold”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽶𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽹 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺 (üč yarïm kün, “one and a half day”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽶𐽳𐽶𐽴 (üč yüz, “three hundred”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽶𐽳𐾁𐽶 (üč yolï, “three times, thrice”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽳𐽺𐽳 (üč kölüŋü, “Triyāna”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽸𐽳𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾 (üč došlar, “three bodily humors in Brahmic Medicine”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽹𐽶𐽺𐽷 (üč mïŋ, “three thousand”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽼𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽳𐽲 (üč buluŋlug, “triangle”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐾁𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽽𐽳𐽺𐽷 (Üč Lükčüŋ, “Luizhong, an ancient city in China, 三柳中”)
Derived terms
Descendants
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ȫč (“revenge, anger”). Cognate with Chuvash вӗчӗ (vĕč̬ĕ), Yakut өс (ös), Bashkir үс (üs), Uyghur ئۆچ (öch) and Turkish öç.
Not related to 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽹𐽰𐽷 (öčmek, “to be extinguished, to come to an end”), which stems from a different Proto-Turkic root.
Noun
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 (öč /ʾwyc/)
- hatred, revenge, enmity, anger, thirst for revenge
- Synonyms: 𐽷𐽰𐽷 (kek), 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽱𐽷𐽰 (övke)
Declension
Compound terms
Derived terms
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽷 (öčemek, “to seek revenge, to be sullen”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽰𐽾 (öčer, “vengeful”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽰𐽿𐽹𐽰𐽷 (öčešmek, “to hate (one another)”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽰𐽿𐽽𐽶 (öčešči, “fight-seeker, delinquent”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽰𐽿𐽹𐽰𐽷 (öčešmek, “to fight”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽳𐽲 (öčlüg, “revenge-seeker, one with hatred in their heart”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽻𐽳𐽴 (öčsüz, “one who does not seek revenge, one without hatred in their heart”)
References
- Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “öç”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 145
- Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “üç”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 270
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “üç”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 18
- Hamilton, James (2020) Korkut, Ece, Birkan, İsmet, transl., Budacı İyi Kalpli ve Kötü Kalpli Prens Masalının Uygurcası - Prens Kalyāṇaṃkara ve Pāpaṃkara Hikâyesi (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN, pages 35, 287
- Wilkens, Jens (2021) “öč”, in Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 521
- Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) üč”, in Handworterbuch des Altuigurischen, Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 814