๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€…

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Prakrit

Etymology 1

Inherited from Sanskrit ๐‘€†๐‘€•๐‘€ข (ฤฬgata).

Adjective

๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€… (ฤaa) (Devanagari เค†เค…เค…, Kannada เฒ†เฒ…เฒ…) (Mฤhฤrฤแนฃแนญrฤซ, Jain Mฤhฤrฤแนฃแนญrฤซ)

  1. came, arrived
Declension
Maharastri declension of ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€… (masculine)
singular plural
Nominative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€‘ (ฤao) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€† (ฤaฤ)
Accusative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€…๐‘€ (ฤaaแนƒ) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€ (ฤae) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€† (ฤaฤ)
Instrumental ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€๐‘€ก (ฤaeแน‡a) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€๐‘€ก๐‘€ (ฤaeแน‡aแนƒ) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (ฤaehi) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€ (ฤaehiแนƒ)
Dative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€… (ฤaฤa) โ€”
Ablative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‘ (ฤaฤo) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‰ (ฤaฤu) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€† (ฤaฤ) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (ฤaฤhi) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€๐‘€ข๐‘„ (ฤaฤhiแนƒto) โ€”
Genitive ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€…๐‘€ฒ๐‘†๐‘€ฒ (ฤaassa) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ก (ฤaฤแน‡a) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ก๐‘€ (ฤaฤแน‡aแนƒ)
Locative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€…๐‘€ซ๐‘†๐‘€ซ๐‘€บ (ฤaammi) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€ (ฤae) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ (ฤaesu) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ (ฤaesuแนƒ)
Vocative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€… (ฤaa) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€† (ฤaฤ) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€† (ฤaฤ)
Maharastri declension of ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€† (feminine)
singular plural
Nominative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€† (ฤaฤ) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‘ (ฤaฤo) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‰ (ฤaฤu) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€† (ฤaฤ)
Accusative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€…๐‘€ (ฤaaแนƒ) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‘ (ฤaฤo) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‰ (ฤaฤu) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€† (ฤaฤ)
Instrumental ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ (ฤaฤe) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‡ (ฤaฤi) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€… (ฤaฤa) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (ฤaฤhi) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€ (ฤaฤhiแนƒ)
Dative โ€” โ€”
Ablative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‘ (ฤaฤo) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‰ (ฤaฤu) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€๐‘€ข๐‘„ (ฤaฤhiแนƒto)
Genitive ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ (ฤaฤe) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‡ (ฤaฤi) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€… (ฤaฤa) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ก (ฤaฤแน‡a) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ก๐‘€ (ฤaฤแน‡aแนƒ)
Locative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ (ฤaฤe) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‡ (ฤaฤi) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€… (ฤaฤa) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ (ฤaฤsu) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ (ฤaฤsuแนƒ)
Vocative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€ (ฤae) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€† (ฤaฤ) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‘ (ฤaฤo) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‰ (ฤaฤu) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€† (ฤaฤ)
Maharastri declension of ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€… (neuter)
singular plural
Nominative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€…๐‘€ (ฤaaแนƒ) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‡๐‘€ (ฤaฤiแนƒ) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‡ (ฤaฤi)
Accusative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€…๐‘€ (ฤaaแนƒ) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‡๐‘€ (ฤaฤiแนƒ) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‡ (ฤaฤi)
Instrumental ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€๐‘€ก (ฤaeแน‡a) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€๐‘€ก๐‘€ (ฤaeแน‡aแนƒ) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (ฤaehi) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€ (ฤaehiแนƒ)
Dative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€… (ฤaฤa) โ€”
Ablative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‘ (ฤaฤo) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‰ (ฤaฤu) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€† (ฤaฤ) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (ฤaฤhi) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€๐‘€ข๐‘„ (ฤaฤhiแนƒto) โ€”
Genitive ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€…๐‘€ฒ๐‘†๐‘€ฒ (ฤaassa) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ก (ฤaฤแน‡a) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ก๐‘€ (ฤaฤแน‡aแนƒ)
Locative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€…๐‘€ซ๐‘†๐‘€ซ๐‘€บ (ฤaammi) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€ (ฤae) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ (ฤaesu) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ (ฤaesuแนƒ)
Vocative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€… (ฤaa) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€† (ฤaฤ) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‡๐‘€ (ฤaฤiแนƒ) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‡ (ฤaฤi)
Alternative forms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Inherited from Sanskrit เค†เคฏเคค (ฤyata).

Adjective

๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€… (ฤaa) (Devanagari เค†เค…เค…, Kannada เฒ†เฒ…เฒ…) (Mฤhฤrฤแนฃแนญrฤซ)

  1. lengthened, stretched, extended
    • c. 200 CE โ€“ 600 CE, Hฤla, Gฤhฤ Sattasaฤซ 394:
      ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ญ๐‘€•๐‘€…๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ฝ๐‘€ˆ๐‘€ฏ๐‘€บ๐‘€ค๐‘†๐‘€ฅ๐‘€-๐‘€ฏ ๐‘€ซ๐‘„๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ข๐‘€บ๐‘€…๐‘€ ๐‘€ง๐‘€บ๐‘€…๐‘€‡ ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€…๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ป๐‘€ฏ๐‘„
      ๐‘€ซ๐‘„๐‘€ญ๐‘„ ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€‰๐‘€ฒ๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ฎ๐‘‚ ๐‘€ข๐‘€ก๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ ๐‘€‰๐‘€…๐‘€…๐‘€ฏ๐‘€บ๐‘€๐‘€ค๐‘€ผ๐‘€
      maragaasลซฤซviddhaแนƒ-va mลttiaแนƒ piaรฏ ฤaaggฤซvo
      moro pฤusaaฤle taแน‡aggalaggaแนƒ uaaviแนƒduแนƒ
      • 2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
        In the rainy season, the peacock, stretching its long neck, pecks at the raindrop
        That hangs on the tip of a grass blade like a pearl pierced by an emerald needle.
Declension
Maharastri declension of ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€… (masculine)
singular plural
Nominative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€‘ (ฤao) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€† (ฤaฤ)
Accusative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€…๐‘€ (ฤaaแนƒ) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€ (ฤae) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€† (ฤaฤ)
Instrumental ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€๐‘€ก (ฤaeแน‡a) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€๐‘€ก๐‘€ (ฤaeแน‡aแนƒ) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (ฤaehi) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€ (ฤaehiแนƒ)
Dative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€… (ฤaฤa) โ€”
Ablative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‘ (ฤaฤo) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‰ (ฤaฤu) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€† (ฤaฤ) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (ฤaฤhi) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€๐‘€ข๐‘„ (ฤaฤhiแนƒto) โ€”
Genitive ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€…๐‘€ฒ๐‘†๐‘€ฒ (ฤaassa) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ก (ฤaฤแน‡a) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ก๐‘€ (ฤaฤแน‡aแนƒ)
Locative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€…๐‘€ซ๐‘†๐‘€ซ๐‘€บ (ฤaammi) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€ (ฤae) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ (ฤaesu) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ (ฤaesuแนƒ)
Vocative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€… (ฤaa) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€† (ฤaฤ) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€† (ฤaฤ)
Maharastri declension of ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€† (feminine)
singular plural
Nominative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€† (ฤaฤ) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‘ (ฤaฤo) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‰ (ฤaฤu) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€† (ฤaฤ)
Accusative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€…๐‘€ (ฤaaแนƒ) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‘ (ฤaฤo) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‰ (ฤaฤu) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€† (ฤaฤ)
Instrumental ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ (ฤaฤe) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‡ (ฤaฤi) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€… (ฤaฤa) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (ฤaฤhi) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€ (ฤaฤhiแนƒ)
Dative โ€” โ€”
Ablative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‘ (ฤaฤo) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‰ (ฤaฤu) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€๐‘€ข๐‘„ (ฤaฤhiแนƒto)
Genitive ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ (ฤaฤe) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‡ (ฤaฤi) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€… (ฤaฤa) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ก (ฤaฤแน‡a) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ก๐‘€ (ฤaฤแน‡aแนƒ)
Locative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ (ฤaฤe) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‡ (ฤaฤi) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€… (ฤaฤa) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ (ฤaฤsu) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ (ฤaฤsuแนƒ)
Vocative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€ (ฤae) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€† (ฤaฤ) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‘ (ฤaฤo) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‰ (ฤaฤu) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€† (ฤaฤ)
Maharastri declension of ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€… (neuter)
singular plural
Nominative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€…๐‘€ (ฤaaแนƒ) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‡๐‘€ (ฤaฤiแนƒ) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‡ (ฤaฤi)
Accusative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€…๐‘€ (ฤaaแนƒ) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‡๐‘€ (ฤaฤiแนƒ) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‡ (ฤaฤi)
Instrumental ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€๐‘€ก (ฤaeแน‡a) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€๐‘€ก๐‘€ (ฤaeแน‡aแนƒ) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (ฤaehi) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€ (ฤaehiแนƒ)
Dative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€… (ฤaฤa) โ€”
Ablative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‘ (ฤaฤo) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‰ (ฤaฤu) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€† (ฤaฤ) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (ฤaฤhi) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€๐‘€ข๐‘„ (ฤaฤhiแนƒto) โ€”
Genitive ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€…๐‘€ฒ๐‘†๐‘€ฒ (ฤaassa) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ก (ฤaฤแน‡a) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€ก๐‘€ (ฤaฤแน‡aแนƒ)
Locative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€…๐‘€ซ๐‘†๐‘€ซ๐‘€บ (ฤaammi) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€ (ฤae) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ (ฤaesu) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ (ฤaesuแนƒ)
Vocative ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€… (ฤaa) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€† (ฤaฤ) ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‡๐‘€ (ฤaฤiแนƒ) or ๐‘€†๐‘€…๐‘€†๐‘€‡ (ฤaฤi)

Further reading

  • Sheth, Hargovind Das T (1923โ€“1928) โ€œเค†เค…เค…โ€, in เคชเคพเค‡เค…-เคธเคฆเฅเคฆ-เคฎเคนเคฃเฅเคฃเคตเฅ‹ [pฤia-sadda-mahaแน‡แน‡avo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: .
  • Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, pages 127, 129, 139
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969โ€“1985) โ€œฤaaโ€, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 47