𑀔𑁂𑀮𑁆

Prakrit

Alternative forms

𑀔𑁂𑀟𑁆 (khĕḍ), 𑀔𑁂𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁆 (khĕḍḍ), 𑀔𑀺𑀟𑁆𑀟𑁆 (khiḍḍ), 𑀔𑀻𑀮𑁆 (khīl), 𑀔𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀮𑁆 (khill), 𑀔𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑁆 (khĕll), 𑀓𑁂𑀮𑁆 (kĕl)

Etymology

Unknown. Sanskrit क्रीड् ~ क्रीळ् (krīḍ ~ krīḷ) was either a borrowing from a substrate, or an inherited term whose Middle Indo-Aryan descendants were influenced by substrata into forms like this word, 𑀓𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀇 (killaï), 𑀓𑀺𑀟𑁆𑀟𑀇 (kiḍḍaï), and 𑀔𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑁆 (khĕll). Given the predominance of the aspirated variants (with kh-), which normally are not morphed from unaspirated Old Indo-Aryan words, both the Prakrit and Sanskrit words are likely to be substrate borrowings, further suggested by persistent fluidity of the phonemes ḍ ~ ḷ ~ l.

Other attested forms like खेल् (khel, “to shake”), केल् (kel, “to shake, frolic”), क्ष्वेल् (kṣvel), and क्वेल् (kvel) are Sanskritizations of these roots. Romani khelel appears to derive from क्ष्वेल् (kṣvel) (Old Indo-Aryan kṣ- > Romani kh-, while Old Indo-Aryan kh- > Romani x-). Elsewhere, the lack of descendants with initial ch- also suggests that the Old Indo-Aryan source was aspirated.^[1]^[2]

Root

𑀔𑁂𑀮𑁆 (khĕl)

to play

Derived terms

𑀔𑀺𑀟𑁆𑀟 n (khiḍḍa, “play”)
𑀔𑀺𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀇 (khillaï, “plays”)
𑀔𑀻𑀮𑀸𑀯𑀡 n (khīlāvaṇa, “toy”)
𑀔𑁂𑀟𑀡𑀅 n (kheḍaṇaa, “toy”)
𑀔𑁂𑀟𑀸𑀯𑀕 (kheḍāvaga, “playing”)
𑀔𑁂𑀮𑀇 (khelaï, “plays”)
𑀔𑁂𑀮𑀡 (khelaṇa, “playing”)
𑀔𑁂𑀮𑀡𑀬 (khelaṇaya, “playing”)
𑀔𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀇 (khĕllaï, “plays”)
𑀔𑁂𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀡 (khĕllaṇa, “playing”)

References

^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “khēḍ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
^ Monier Williams (1899) “𑀔𑁂𑀮𑁆”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 334.

[1] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “khēḍ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

[2] Monier Williams (1899) “𑀔𑁂𑀮𑁆”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 334.

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