𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫

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Prakrit

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit चर्म (cárma).

Noun

𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫 (camma) n (Devanagari चम्म, Gujarati ચમ્મ, Kannada ಚಮ್ಮ) (Māhārāṣṭrī, Ardhamāgadhī, Māgadhī)

  1. leather
    • c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 631:
      𑀅𑀡𑁆𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 𑀧𑀳𑀺𑀅! 𑀧𑀼𑀘𑁆𑀙𑀲𑀼 𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀅-𑀧𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁂𑀲𑀼 𑀧𑀼𑀲𑀺𑀅-𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁
      𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀁 𑀯𑀸𑀳-𑀚𑀼𑀆𑀡𑁄 𑀳𑀸𑀭𑀺𑀡𑁂𑀲𑀼 𑀥𑀡𑀼𑀁 𑀡 𑀡𑀸𑀫𑁂𑀇
      aṇṇesu pahia! pucchasu vāhaa-puttesu pusia-cammāiṃ
      amhaṃ vāha-juāṇo hāriṇesu dhaṇuṃ ṇa ṇāmei
      • 2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
        Trader, for hides of the spotted deer, you’ll have to go elsewhere
        Our young hunter no longer bends his bow to shoot deer.
  2. shield

Declension

Maharastri declension of 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫 (neuter)
singular plural
Nominative 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀁 (cammaṃ) 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (cammāiṃ) or 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇 (cammāi)
Accusative 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀁 (cammaṃ) 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (cammāiṃ) or 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇 (cammāi)
Instrumental 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀡 (cammeṇa) or 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀡𑀁 (cammeṇaṃ) 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺 (cammehi) or 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (cammehiṃ)
Dative 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀅 (cammāa) —
Ablative 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀑 (cammāo) or 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀉 (cammāu) or 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸 (cammā) or 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺 (cammāhi) or 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (cammāhiṃto) —
Genitive 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀲 (cammassa) 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀡 (cammāṇa) or 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀡𑀁 (cammāṇaṃ)
Locative 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (cammammi) or 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂 (camme) 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀲𑀼 (cammesu) or 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (cammesuṃ)
Vocative 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫 (camma) or 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸 (cammā) 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀁 (cammāiṃ) or 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀸𑀇 (cammāi)

Derived terms

Terms inherited from *camma-ḍa
  • Gujarati: ચામડ (cāmaḍ)
  • Marathi: चामट (cāmaṭ)
  • → Kannada: ಚಮಡ (camaḍa)
Terms inherited from *camma-ḍa-ka
Terms inherited from *camma-ḍ-ikā
Terms inherited from *camma-la

Descendants

Terms inherited from 𑀘𑀫𑁆𑀫 (camma)

Further reading

  • Sheth, Hargovind Das T (1923–1928) “चम्म”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: , page 319.
  • Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, pages 248, 253
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “cárman”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 255
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