ππ¦
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Ashokan Prakrit
Etymology
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *Η΅enhβ-
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Proto-Indo-European *Η΅Γ©nhβos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *Θ·ΜΓ‘nHas
Sanskrit ΰ€ΰ€¨ΰ₯ (jΓ‘na)
Ashokan Prakrit ππ¦ (jana)
Inherited from Sanskrit ΰ€ΰ€¨ΰ₯ (jΓ‘na), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Θ·ΜΓ‘nHas, from Proto-Indo-European *Η΅Γ©nhβos, from *Η΅enhβ- + *-os.
Noun
ππ¦ (jana) m
- person
- c. 257 BCE, AΕoka, Major Rock Edict 10 Girnar.4:
- π€πΌπππ π’πΌ ππ ππ’π ππΌπ€πππ¦ π― ππ¦ππ¦ ππ²πππ¦ π― π
ππ’ππ π
πππ¦ π§ππΈππππ«ππ¦ π²π―π π§ππΊπππΊπ’ππ§πΈ
- dukaraαΉ tu kho etaαΉ chudakena va janena usaαΉena va aΓ±atra agena parΔkramena savaαΉ paricajitpΔ
- 1925 translation by Eugen Hultzsch
- But it is indeed difficult either for a lowly person or for a high one to accomplish this without great zeal (and without) laying aside every (other aim).
- π€πΌπππ π’πΌ ππ ππ’π ππΌπ€πππ¦ π― ππ¦ππ¦ ππ²πππ¦ π― π
ππ’ππ π
πππ¦ π§ππΈππππ«ππ¦ π²π―π π§ππΊπππΊπ’ππ§πΈ
Declension
| Declension of ππ¦ (jana) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | ππ¦π, ππ¦π jane, jano |
β |
| accusative | ππ¦π janaαΉ |
β |
| instrumental | ππ¦ππ¦ janena |
β |
| dative | β | β |
| ablative | β | β |
| genitive | ππ¦π² janasa |
β |
| locative | ππ¦π²πΊ janasi |
β |
Alternative forms
Attested at Delhi-Topra, Dhauli, Girnar, Jaugada, Kalsi, Nittur and Udegolam.
| Dialectal forms of ππ¦ (βpersonβ) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Lemmas | Forms |
| Central | Kalsi | ππ¦ (jana) | ππ¦π² gen.sg (janasa), ππ¦π²πΈ (janasΔ), ?ππ¦π±πΈ (janaαΉ£Δ), ππ¦π nom.sg (jane) |
| Delhi-Topra | ππ¦ (jana) | ππ¦π acc.sg (janaαΉ), ππ¦π² gen.sg (janasa), ππ¦π²πΊ loc.sg (janasi), ππ¦π nom.sg (jane) | |
| East | Dhauli | ππ¦ (jana) | ππ¦π² gen.sg (janasa), ππ¦π nom.sg (jane) |
| Jaugada | ππ¦ (jana) | ππ¦π² gen.sg (janasa), ππ¦π nom.sg (jane) | |
| Northwest | Shahbazgarhi | π¨π¨£ (jana) | π¨π¨£ (jana), π¨π¨£π¨― gen.sg (janasa), π¨π¨£π¨ nom.sg (jane), π¨π¨£π¨ nom.sg (jano) |
| Mansehra | π¨π¨£ (jana) | π¨π¨£π¨― gen.sg (janasa), π¨π¨£π¨ nom.sg (jane) | |
| West | Girnar | ππ¦ (jana) | ππ¦π acc.sg (janaαΉ), ππ¦π² gen.sg (janasa), ππ¦ππ¦ ins.sg (janena), ππ¦π nom.sg (jano) |
| South | Udegolam | ππ¦ (jana) | ππ¦π acc.sg (janaαΉ) |
| Nittur | ππ¦ (jana) | ππ¦π acc.sg (janaαΉ) | |
| Map of dialectal forms of ππ¦ (βpersonβ) | ||
|---|---|---|
 | ||
Descendants
References
- Hultzsch, E (1925) Inscriptions of AΕoka (new edition), in Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum, volume 1, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 240.
- Andersen, Paul Kent (1990) βjana-β, in Studies in the Minor Rock Edicts of AΕoka, Freiburg: Hedwig Falk, page 150