𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮

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Prakrit

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit निर्मल (nirmala). Cognate with Pali nimmala.

Adjective

𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮 (ṇimmala) (Devanagari णिम्मल, Kannada ಣಿಮ್ಮಲ) (Māhārāṣṭrī)

  1. clear, spotless, clean, pure
    • c. 200 CE – 600 CE, Hāla, Gāhā Sattasaī 4:
      𑀉𑀅 𑀡𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀘𑀮-𑀡𑀺𑀧𑁆𑀨𑀁𑀤𑀸 𑀪𑀺𑀲𑀺𑀡𑀻-𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 𑀭𑁂𑀳𑀇 𑀯𑀮𑀸𑀆
      𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮-𑀫𑀭𑀕𑀅-𑀪𑀸𑀅𑀡-𑀧𑀭𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀺𑀆-𑀲𑀁𑀔𑀲𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀺-𑀯𑁆𑀯
      ua ṇiccala-ṇipphaṃdā bhisiṇī-vattammi rehaï valāā
      ṇimmala-maragaa-bhāaṇa-pariṭṭhiā-saṃkhasutti-vva
      • 2009 translation by Peter Khoroche and Herman Tieken
        On the lotus leaf, it is just like mother of pearl,
        In a setting of spotless emerald.

Declension

Maharastri declension of 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮 (masculine)
singular plural
Nominative 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁄 (ṇimmalo) 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā)
Accusative 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀁 (ṇimmalaṃ) 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂 (ṇimmale) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā)
Instrumental 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀡 (ṇimmaleṇa) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀡𑀁 (ṇimmaleṇaṃ) 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺 (ṇimmalehi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (ṇimmalehiṃ)
Dative 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀅 (ṇimmalāa) —
Ablative 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀑 (ṇimmalāo) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀉 (ṇimmalāu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ṇimmalāhi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ṇimmalāhiṃto) —
Genitive 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀲𑁆𑀲 (ṇimmalassa) 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀡 (ṇimmalāṇa) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀡𑀁 (ṇimmalāṇaṃ)
Locative 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (ṇimmalammi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂 (ṇimmale) 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀲𑀼 (ṇimmalesu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (ṇimmalesuṃ)
Vocative 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮 (ṇimmala) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā) 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā)
Maharastri declension of 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (feminine)
singular plural
Nominative 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā) 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀑 (ṇimmalāo) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀉 (ṇimmalāu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā)
Accusative 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀁 (ṇimmalaṃ) 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀑 (ṇimmalāo) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀉 (ṇimmalāu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā)
Instrumental 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀏 (ṇimmalāe) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇 (ṇimmalāi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀅 (ṇimmalāa) 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ṇimmalāhi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁 (ṇimmalāhiṃ)
Dative — —
Ablative 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀑 (ṇimmalāo) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀉 (ṇimmalāu) 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ṇimmalāhiṃto)
Genitive 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀏 (ṇimmalāe) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇 (ṇimmalāi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀅 (ṇimmalāa) 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀡 (ṇimmalāṇa) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀡𑀁 (ṇimmalāṇaṃ)
Locative 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀏 (ṇimmalāe) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇 (ṇimmalāi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀅 (ṇimmalāa) 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀲𑀼 (ṇimmalāsu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀲𑀼𑀁 (ṇimmalāsuṃ)
Vocative 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂 (ṇimmale) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā) 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀑 (ṇimmalāo) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀉 (ṇimmalāu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā)
Maharastri declension of 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮 (neuter)
singular plural
Nominative 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀁 (ṇimmalaṃ) 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 (ṇimmalāiṃ) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇 (ṇimmalāi)
Accusative 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀁 (ṇimmalaṃ) 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 (ṇimmalāiṃ) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇 (ṇimmalāi)
Instrumental 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀡 (ṇimmaleṇa) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀡𑀁 (ṇimmaleṇaṃ) 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺 (ṇimmalehi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (ṇimmalehiṃ)
Dative 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀅 (ṇimmalāa) —
Ablative 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀑 (ṇimmalāo) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀉 (ṇimmalāu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺 (ṇimmalāhi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (ṇimmalāhiṃto) —
Genitive 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀲𑁆𑀲 (ṇimmalassa) 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀡 (ṇimmalāṇa) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀡𑀁 (ṇimmalāṇaṃ)
Locative 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (ṇimmalammi) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂 (ṇimmale) 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀲𑀼 (ṇimmalesu) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (ṇimmalesuṃ)
Vocative 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮 (ṇimmala) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸 (ṇimmalā) 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇𑀁 (ṇimmalāiṃ) or 𑀡𑀺𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀮𑀸𑀇 (ṇimmalāi)

Descendants

References

  • Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 114
  • Sheth, Hargovind Das T (1923–1928) “णिम्मल”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: , page 403.
  • Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakrit‎, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, page 103.
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ṇimmala”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 417
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