๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง

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Prakrit

Etymology

Of non-Indo-Aryan origin.[1]

Noun

๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง (tuppan (Devanagari เคคเฅเคชเฅเคช, Kannada เฒคเณเฒชเณเฒช) (Mฤhฤrฤแนฃแนญrฤซ)

  1. ghee
    • c. 400 CE, Pravarasena II, Rฤvaแน‡avadha Canto XV, line 38:
      ๐‘€ฒ๐‘„๐‘€Š๐‘€ก ๐‘€‡๐‘€๐‘€ค๐‘€‡-๐‘€ฏ๐‘€ณ๐‘€ ๐‘€ซ๐‘€ผ๐‘€…๐‘€‡ ๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ญ๐‘„๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ ๐‘€ค๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก๐‘€ก๐‘„ ๐‘€ฉ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ-๐‘€š๐‘€ฎ๐‘€
      ๐‘€…๐‘€ฉ๐‘†๐‘€ช๐‘€ผ๐‘€ข๐‘†๐‘€ข๐‘€บ๐‘€…-๐‘€ค๐‘€ป๐‘€ฏ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก๐‘€ ๐‘€ก๐‘€บ๐‘€ฏ๐‘€Ÿ๐‘€‡ ๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง๐‘€-๐‘€ฏ ๐‘€ข๐‘€“๐‘†๐‘€”๐‘€ก๐‘€-๐‘€˜๐‘€บ๐‘€… ๐‘€ฏ๐‘€บ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€ก๐‘€ธ
      soลซแน‡a iแนƒdaรฏ-vahaแนƒ muaรฏ sarosaแนƒ dasฤแน‡aแน‡o bฤha-jalaแนƒ
      abbhuttia-dฤซvฤแน‡aแนƒ แน‡ivaแธaรฏ tuppaแนƒ-va takkhaแน‡aแนƒ-cia vihiแน‡ฤ
      • 1974 translation by Krishna Kanta Handique
        Hearing that Indrajit was slain, Ravana shed tears in anger that dropped at the moment,
        like the clarified butter of lighted lamps, touched by the flame.

Declension

Maharastri declension of ๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง (neuter)
singular plural
Nominative ๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง๐‘€ (tuppaแนƒ) ๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡๐‘€ (tuppฤiแนƒ) or ๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (tuppฤi)
Accusative ๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง๐‘€ (tuppaแนƒ) ๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡๐‘€ (tuppฤiแนƒ) or ๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (tuppฤi)
Instrumental ๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง๐‘‚๐‘€ก (tuppeแน‡a) or ๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง๐‘‚๐‘€ก๐‘€ (tuppeแน‡aแนƒ) ๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง๐‘‚๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (tuppehi) or ๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง๐‘‚๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€ (tuppehiแนƒ)
Dative ๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€… (tuppฤa) โ€”
Ablative ๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€‘ (tuppฤo) or ๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€‰ (tuppฤu) or ๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ (tuppฤ) or ๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (tuppฤhi) or ๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€๐‘€ข๐‘„ (tuppฤhiแนƒto) โ€”
Genitive ๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง๐‘€ฒ๐‘†๐‘€ฒ (tuppassa) ๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก (tuppฤแน‡a) or ๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก๐‘€ (tuppฤแน‡aแนƒ)
Locative ๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง๐‘€ซ๐‘†๐‘€ซ๐‘€บ (tuppammi) or ๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง๐‘‚ (tuppe) ๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง๐‘‚๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ (tuppesu) or ๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง๐‘‚๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ (tuppesuแนƒ)
Vocative ๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง (tuppa) or ๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ (tuppฤ) ๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡๐‘€ (tuppฤiแนƒ) or ๐‘€ข๐‘€ผ๐‘€ง๐‘†๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (tuppฤi)

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969โ€“1985) โ€œtuppaโ€, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Further reading

  • Sheth, Hargovind Das T (1923โ€“1928) โ€œเคคเฅเคชเฅเคชโ€, in เคชเคพเค‡เค…-เคธเคฆเฅเคฆ-เคฎเคนเคฃเฅเคฃเคตเฅ‹ [pฤia-sadda-mahaแน‡แน‡avo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: .
  • Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, page 7