๐ง๐๐ซ
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Ashokan Prakrit
Etymology
Etymology tree
Sanskrit เคชเฅเคฐเคเฅเคฐเคฎ (prakrama)
Ashokan Prakrit ๐ง๐๐ซ (pakama)
Inherited from Sanskrit เคชเฅเคฐเคเฅเคฐเคฎ (prakrama). Cognate with Pali pakkama.
Noun
๐ง๐๐ซ (pakama /pakkama/) m
- exertion, zeal
- c. 258 BCE, Aลoka, Minor Rock Edict 1 Brahmagiri.4:
- ๐ง๐๐ซ๐ฒ ๐ณ๐บ ๐๐ฌ๐ ๐จ๐ฎ๐
- pakamasa hi iyaแน phale
- 1925 translation by Eugen Hultzsch
- For this is the fruit of zeal.
- ๐ง๐๐ซ๐ฒ ๐ณ๐บ ๐๐ฌ๐ ๐จ๐ฎ๐
Declension
| Declension of ๐ง๐๐ซ (pakama) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | ๐ง๐๐ซ๐ pakame |
โ |
| accusative | โ | โ |
| instrumental | โ | โ |
| dative | โ | โ |
| ablative | โ | โ |
| genitive | ๐ง๐๐ซ๐ฒ๐บ, ๐ง๐๐ซ๐ฒ pakamasi, pakamasa |
โ |
| locative | โ | โ |
Alternative forms
Attested at Bairat, Brahmagiri, Gavimath, Nittur, Rajula-Mandagiri, Rupnath, Siddapura, Udegolam and Yerragudi.
| Dialectal forms of ๐ง๐๐ซ (โexertionโ) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Lemmas | Forms |
| Central | Rupnath | ๐ง๐๐ซ (pakama) | ๐ง๐๐ซ๐ฒ๐บ gen.sg (pakamasi) |
| Bairat | ๐ง๐๐ซ (pakama) | ?๐ง๐๐ซ๐ฒ gen.sg (pakamasa) | |
| Sahasram | ๐ง๐ฎ๐ธ๐๐ซ (palฤkama) | ?๐ง๐ฎ๐ธ๐๐ซ๐ nom.sg (palฤkame) | |
| Gujarra | ๐ง๐ญ๐๐ซ (parakama) | ๐ง๐ญ๐๐ซ๐ฒ gen.sg (parakamasa) | |
| Bahapur | ๐ง๐ฎ๐๐ซ (palakama) | ๐ง๐ฎ๐๐ซ๐ nom.sg (palakame) | |
| Ahraura | ๐ง๐ฎ๐๐ซ (palakama) | ๐ง๐ฎ๐๐ซ๐ฒ gen.sg (palakamasa), ๐ง๐ฎ๐๐ซ๐ nom.sg (palakame) | |
| South | Yerragudi | ๐ง๐๐ซ (pakama) | ๐ง๐๐ซ๐ฒ gen.sg (pakamasa), ๐ง๐๐ซ๐ nom.sg (pakame) |
| Siddapura | ๐ง๐๐ซ (pakama) | ๐ง๐๐ซ๐ฒ gen.sg (pakamasa), ๐ง๐๐ซ๐ nom.sg (pakame) | |
| Brahmagiri | ๐ง๐๐ซ (pakama) | ๐ง๐๐ซ๐ฒ gen.sg (pakamasa), ?๐ง๐๐ซ๐ nom.sg (pakame) | |
| Rajula-Mandagiri | ๐ง๐๐ซ (pakama) | ?๐ง๐๐ซ๐ฒ gen.sg (pakamasa), ?๐ง๐๐ซ๐ nom.sg (pakame) | |
| Udegolam | ๐ง๐๐ซ (pakama) | ๐ง๐๐ซ๐ nom.sg (pakame) | |
| Nittur | ๐ง๐๐ซ (pakama), ๐ง๐๐๐ซ (pakema) | ๐ง๐๐ซ๐ฒ gen.sg (pakamasa), ๐ง๐๐๐ซ๐ gen.sg (pakeme) | |
| Gavimath | ๐ง๐๐ซ (pakama) | ๐ง๐๐ซ๐ฒ gen.sg (pakamasa), ๐ง๐๐ซ๐ nom.sg (pakame) | |
| Map of dialectal forms of ๐ง๐๐ซ (โexertionโ) | ||
|---|---|---|
 ๐ง๐๐ซ (pakama) (14) ๐ง๐ฎ๐๐ซ (palakama) (3) ๐ง๐ญ๐๐ซ (parakama) (1) ๐ง๐ฎ๐ธ๐๐ซ (palฤkama) (1) ๐ง๐๐๐ซ (pakema) (1) | ||
References
- Andersen, Paul Kent (1990) โpakama-โ, in Studies in the Minor Rock Edicts of Aลoka, Freiburg: Hedwig Falk, page 157