๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ

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Prakrit

Etymology

Possibly a โ€˜defectiveโ€™ word; compare Sanskrit เคชเค™เฅเค—เฅ (paแน…gu, โ€œlameโ€), เคชเค™เฅเค—เฅเคฒ (paแน…gula), เคตเค™เฅเค•เฅ (vaแน…ku, โ€œcrookedโ€).[1]

Adjective

๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ (paggala) (Devanagari เคชเค—เฅเค—เคฒ) [2]

  1. mad, crazy

Declension

Maharastri declension of ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ (masculine)
singular plural
Nominative ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘„ (paggalo) ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ (paggalฤ)
Accusative ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ (paggalaแนƒ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘‚ (paggale) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ (paggalฤ)
Instrumental ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘‚๐‘€ก (paggaleแน‡a) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘‚๐‘€ก๐‘€ (paggaleแน‡aแนƒ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘‚๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (paggalehi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘‚๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€ (paggalehiแนƒ)
Dative ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€… (paggalฤa) โ€”
Ablative ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‘ (paggalฤo) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‰ (paggalฤu) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ (paggalฤ) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (paggalฤhi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€๐‘€ข๐‘„ (paggalฤhiแนƒto) โ€”
Genitive ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ฒ๐‘†๐‘€ฒ (paggalassa) ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก (paggalฤแน‡a) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก๐‘€ (paggalฤแน‡aแนƒ)
Locative ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ซ๐‘†๐‘€ซ๐‘€บ (paggalammi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘‚ (paggale) ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘‚๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ (paggalesu) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘‚๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ (paggalesuแนƒ)
Vocative ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ (paggala) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ (paggalฤ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ (paggalฤ)
Maharastri declension of ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ (feminine)
singular plural
Nominative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ (pฤgalฤ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‘ (pฤgalฤo) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‰ (pฤgalฤu) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ (pฤgalฤ)
Accusative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ (pฤgalaแนƒ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‘ (pฤgalฤo) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‰ (pฤgalฤu) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ (pฤgalฤ)
Instrumental ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ (pฤgalฤe) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (pฤgalฤi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€… (pฤgalฤa) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (pฤgalฤhi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€ (pฤgalฤhiแนƒ)
Dative โ€” โ€”
Ablative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‘ (pฤgalฤo) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‰ (pฤgalฤu) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€๐‘€ข๐‘„ (pฤgalฤhiแนƒto)
Genitive ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ (pฤgalฤe) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (pฤgalฤi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€… (pฤgalฤa) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก (pฤgalฤแน‡a) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก๐‘€ (pฤgalฤแน‡aแนƒ)
Locative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ (pฤgalฤe) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (pฤgalฤi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€… (pฤgalฤa) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ (pฤgalฤsu) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ (pฤgalฤsuแนƒ)
Vocative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘‚ (pฤgale) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ (pฤgalฤ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‘ (pฤgalฤo) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‰ (pฤgalฤu) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ (pฤgalฤ)
Maharastri declension of ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ป (feminine)
singular plural
Nominative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ป (pฤgalฤซ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ป๐‘€‘ (pฤgalฤซo) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ป (pฤgalฤซ)
Accusative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€บ๐‘€ (pฤgaliแนƒ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ป๐‘€‘ (pฤgalฤซo) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ป (pฤgalฤซ)
Instrumental ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ป๐‘€ (pฤgalฤซe) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ป๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (pฤgalฤซhi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ป๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€ (pฤgalฤซhiแนƒ)
Dative โ€” โ€”
Ablative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ป๐‘€‘ (pฤgalฤซo) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ป๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€๐‘€ข๐‘„ (pฤgalฤซhiแนƒto)
Genitive ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ป๐‘€ (pฤgalฤซe) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ป๐‘€ก (pฤgalฤซแน‡a) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ป๐‘€ก๐‘€ (pฤgalฤซแน‡aแนƒ)
Locative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ป๐‘€ (pฤgalฤซe) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ป๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ (pฤgalฤซsu) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ป๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ (pฤgalฤซsuแนƒ)
Vocative ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€บ (pฤgali) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ป (pฤgalฤซ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ป๐‘€‘ (pฤgalฤซo) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€ธ๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ป (pฤgalฤซ)
Maharastri declension of ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ (neuter)
singular plural
Nominative ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ (paggalaแนƒ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡๐‘€ (paggalฤiแนƒ) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (paggalฤi)
Accusative ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ (paggalaแนƒ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡๐‘€ (paggalฤiแนƒ) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (paggalฤi)
Instrumental ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘‚๐‘€ก (paggaleแน‡a) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘‚๐‘€ก๐‘€ (paggaleแน‡aแนƒ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘‚๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (paggalehi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘‚๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€ (paggalehiแนƒ)
Dative ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€… (paggalฤa) โ€”
Ablative ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‘ (paggalฤo) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‰ (paggalฤu) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ (paggalฤ) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ (paggalฤhi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ณ๐‘€บ๐‘€๐‘€ข๐‘„ (paggalฤhiแนƒto) โ€”
Genitive ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ฒ๐‘†๐‘€ฒ (paggalassa) ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก (paggalฤแน‡a) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€ก๐‘€ (paggalฤแน‡aแนƒ)
Locative ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ซ๐‘†๐‘€ซ๐‘€บ (paggalammi) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘‚ (paggale) ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘‚๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ (paggalesu) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘‚๐‘€ฒ๐‘€ผ๐‘€ (paggalesuแนƒ)
Vocative ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ (paggala) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ (paggalฤ) ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡๐‘€ (paggalฤiแนƒ) or ๐‘€ง๐‘€•๐‘†๐‘€•๐‘€ฎ๐‘€ธ๐‘€‡ (paggalฤi)

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969โ€“1985) โ€œpaggalaโ€, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 430
  2. ^ Sheth, Hargovind Das T (1923โ€“1928) โ€œเคชเค—เฅเค—เคฒโ€, in เคชเคพเค‡เค…-เคธเคฆเฅเคฆ-เคฎเคนเคฃเฅเคฃเคตเฅ‹ [pฤia-sadda-mahaแน‡แน‡avo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: , page 506.