,

, U+002C, , COMMA ← + Basic Latin - →

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An abbreviated form of the virgula, ⟨/⟩, used to indicate a pause. The modern form was first used by Aldus Manutius. The virgula replaced the earlier dot because dots differentiated only by height were difficult to distinguish in medieval minuscule text.

, (English name comma)

1. Separates items in a list.

   She sells dogs, cats, and birds.

   Ella vende perros, gatos y pájaros.

2. Separates clauses in a sentence.
   • 2000, J. K. Rowling, translated by Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e a Câmara Secreta [Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets] (Harry Potter; 2), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 217:

     Quando tiver uma dúvida, vá à biblioteca.

     When you are in doubt, go to the library.

3. Separates coordinate adjectives.

   the dull, incessant droning

4. Optionally sets off quoted material that is the grammatical object of an active verb of speaking or writing.

   Mr. Kershner says, “You should know how to use a comma.”

5. Separates one element in a date from another.

   Feb. 14, 1987, was the target date.

   Donnerstag, 29. Juni 2023

6. Separates a region from a geographic place within.

   Austin, Texas

7. Separates the surname from the given name when the traditional order is the reverse.

   Smith, John

8. Separates a title from a name.

   John Smith, PhD

9. Marks elision.

   The cat was white; the dog, brown. (Here the comma replaces was.)

10. Sets off a noun or pronoun that represents someone or something being spoken to (when used independently).

    I hope, John, that you will read this.

    J’espère, Jean, que vous lirez ça.

11. Separates steps to do something in software.
    • 1995, Paul W. Ross, The Handbook of Software for Engineers and Scientists (in English), CRC Press, →ISBN, page 719:

      Choose View, Screen Show, Edit Effect to provide transition effects such as Fade and Blinds.

• (Separates items in a list) The last comma before a conjunction in a list is called a serial comma. Usage of the serial comma depends on the house style one uses and the language in question, so (depending on the language) the phrase can also be written without the comma: “She sells dogs, cats and birds.” See Serial comma on Wikipedia for more details.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:,.

• in Arabic: ،
• in Armenian: ՝
• in Chinese: ，
• in Japanese: 、

,

1. A separator used with numbers.
   1. In some counting systems, separates groups of three consecutive digits; the thousands separator.

      Synonyms: (in other counting systems) ] [ (space), ., ٬, ’

      I have 1,258 flags.

   2. In the Indian numbering system, separates groups of two consecutive digits, except for one final group of three.
   3. In some counting systems, sets off the decimal or fractional part of a number; the decimal separator.

      Synonyms: (in other counting systems) ., ·, ’

      Le debo 7,14 €. (Spanish) ― I owe you €7.14.

      J’ai payé 10,14 €. (French) ― I paid €10.14.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:,.

Punctuation

,

1. (stenoscript) the suffix -(V)nce or -(V)nse (-ance, -ence, -anse, -ense, etc.)
2. (stenoscript) the suffix -ity

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

,

1. final glottal stop (on a syllable with fully falling lexical tone).

The punctuation mark is separated from the preceding word by a space.

Falling tone is otherwise unmarked. Glottal stop also occurs on syllables with high-falling tone, which is written ⟨ʼ⟩, but is unmarked in such cases.

,

1. High-falling lexical tone.

A final glottal stop is unwritten on syllables with this tone. Thus aʼ transcribes both /a᷇/ and /a᷇ʔ/. Full falling tone is unmarked, except for syllables with a final glottal stop, which is transcribed ,.

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

,

1. glottal stop (with falling lexical tone).

The punctuation mark is separated from the preceding word by a space.

Falling tone is otherwise unmarked. Glottal stop with other tones is low ⟨;⟩ and high ⟨ʼ⟩.

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

,

• Alternative form of ¸