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-ök. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
-ök, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
-ök in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
-ök you have here. The definition of the word
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Hungarian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From -ö- (linking vowel) + -k (plural suffix).
Suffix
-ök
- (plural suffix) -s, -es
- kör (“circle”) + -ök → körök (“circles”)
- bűn (“sin”) + -ök → bűnök (“sins”)
Usage notes
- (plural suffix) Variants:
- -k is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- nő (“woman”) + -k → nők (“women”)
- fa (“tree”) + -k → fák (“trees”)
- csésze (“cup”) + -k → csészék (“cups”)
- -ak is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- ház (“house”) + -ak → házak (“houses”)
- -ok is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- pad (“bench”) + -ok → padok (“benches”)
- -ek is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- kert (“garden”) + -ek → kertek (“gardens”)
- könyv (“book”) + -ek → könyvek (“books”)
- -ök is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- kör (“circle”) + -ök → körök (“circles”)
- Note that the plural form is not used after definite and indefinite numerals in Hungarian: három könyv (“three books”), néhány óra múlva (“in a few hours’ time”). There are very few (traditional, archaic) exceptions, including háromkirályok (“the Three Magi”), mindenszentek (“All Saints”), and certain archaic phrases with összes (“all”) and minden (“every”) (see their Usage notes).
- The regular plural suffix for back-vowel adjectives is -ak, for example okosak (“smart/clever ones”). On the other hand, ethnonyms take -ok (e.g. olaszok (“Italians”), see the back-vowel terms in their category), as well as some other adjectives, including privative (“…-less”) ones (formed with -talan, -atlan, or -tlan). Rounded front-vowel adjectives normally take -ek, for example zöldek (“green ones”), except for demonyms (see rounded front-vowel terms in their category).
- If a word can be both a noun and an adjective, the form of its ending gives information about its function, e.g. játékosok (“players”, noun) and játékosak (“playful”, adjective as part of a plural predicate). The same distinction also exists with words with rounded front vowels, e.g. ismerős: ismerősök (“acquaintances”, noun) and ismerősek (“familiar”, adjective as part of a plural predicate).
Etymology 2
From -ö- (linking vowel) + -k (personal suffix).
Suffix
-ök
- (personal suffix) Forms the first-person singular present tense of verbs (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
- böjtöl (“to fast”) + -ök → böjtölök (“I fast, I am fasting”)
Usage notes
Present tense indefinite – personal suffixes
- (personal suffix) Variants:
- -ok is added to back-vowel verbs
- -ek is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs
- -ök is added to rounded front-vowel verbs
- -om may be added to back-vowel -ik verbs
- -em may be added to unrounded front-vowel -ik verbs
- -öm may be added to rounded front-vowel -ik verbs
See also