-е

Belarusian

Alternative forms

• -ё (-jo)
• -а (-a) — after ш, ч, ж
• -'е (-ʺje) — after р
• -ie, -je, -a — Łacinka (Belarusian Latin alphabet)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьje. Compare Polish -ie, -e, Russian -ье (-ʹje), -ие (-ije), -ьё (-ʹjó), Ukrainian -я (-ja), -а (-a).

Pronunciation

• (after ' or ў) IPA^(key):
• (after ш, ч, ж) -а: IPA^(key):
• (after other consonants) IPA^(key):

Suffix

-е • (-je)

1. Abstract noun suffix; forms part of larger suffixes such as -э́нне (-énnje) or -а́нне (-ánnje), and exists on its own especially as a suffix added to compound words.

   ‎без- (bjez-, “without”) + ‎люд (ljud, “people”) + ‎-е (-je) → ‎бязлю́ддзе (bjazljúddzje, “absence of people”)

   ‎но́вы (nóvy, “new”) + ‎-а- (-a-) + ‎сялі́ць (sjalícʹ, “to settle”) + ‎-е (-je) → ‎навасе́лле (navasjéllje, “housewarming”)

   ‎над- (nad-, “above”) + ‎хма́ра (xmára, “cloud”) + ‎-е (-je) → ‎надхма́р'е (nadxmárʺje, “area above the clouds; (poetic) skies, heavens”)

   ‎па- (pa-, “across, along”) + ‎грані́ца (hraníca, “border”) + ‎-е (-je) → ‎паграні́чча (pahraníčča, “region along the border”)

   ‎за- (za-) + ‎ці́хі (cíxi, “quiet, still”) + ‎-е (-je) → ‎заці́шша (zacíšša, “lull, calm”)

   ‎без- (bjez-, “without”) + ‎даро́га (daróha, “path”) + ‎-е (-je) → ‎бездаро́жжа (bjezdaróžža, “impassibility”)

2. Suffix used to create names of locations in conjunction with prefixes.

   ‎за- (za-) + ‎Каўка́з (Kaŭkáz, “Caucasus”) + ‎-е (-je) → ‎Закаўка́ззе (Zakaŭkázzje, “Transcaucasia”)

   ‎пры- (pry-) + ‎Днестр (Dnjestr, “Dniester”) + ‎-о́вы (-óvy) + ‎-е (-je) → ‎Прыднястро́ўе (Prydnjastróŭje, “Transnistria”)

Usage notes

• When appended onto a stem ending in a velar consonant, the Slavic first palatalization applies, upon which the suffix becomes -а (-a), as in бездаро́жжа (bjezdaróžža).
• Otherwise, when appended onto a stem ending in a single palatalizable consonant, that consonant is usually geminated and reflected as such in spelling. The exception is в which becomes ў, e.g. пры- (pry-) + сло́ва (slóva) + -е (-je) → прысло́ўе (pryslóŭje) rather than *прысло́вве (*pryslóvvje).
• When appended onto a stem ending in р, the suffix generally becomes -'е (-ʺje), as in надхма́р'е (nadxmárʺje), although -а (-a) is also possible; see паве́тра (pavjétra).
• Syllable stress is usually drawn onto the syllable before the suffix.

Derived terms

Chuvash

Suffix

-е • (-e)

1. Variant of -а (-a) after front vowels

Macedonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Suffix

-е • (-e) n

1. Appended to words to create a neuter noun, usually to form a diminutive or as an expression of endearment.

   ‎прст m (prst) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎прсте n (prste)

   ‎еж m (ež) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎еже n (eže)

   ‎нос m (nos) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎носе n (nose)

   ‎кукла f (kukla) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎кукле n (kukle)

   ‎мома f (moma) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎моме n (mome)

   ‎книга f (kniga) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎книже n (kniže)

Derived terms

Mongolian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈjɵ/
• Syllabification: е (1 syllable)

Suffix

-е • (-e)

1. front vowel harmonic form of -я (-ja)

Russian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key):

Etymology 1

Suffix

-е • (-e)

1. Alternative form of -о (-o): Suffix added to adjectives to produce adverbs; highly productive; used in place of -о (-o) after palatal consonants, hushing consonants (ч ш щ ж) and ц

   ‎злове́щий (zlovéščij, “ominous”) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎злове́ще (zlovéšče, “ominously”)

   ‎неуклю́жий (neukljúžij, “clumsy, awkward”) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎неуклю́же (neukljúže, “clumsily, awkwardly”)

   ‎изли́шний (izlíšnij, “excessive”) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎изли́шне (izlíšne, “excessively”)

   ‎кра́йний (krájnij, “extreme, utmost”) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎кра́йне (krájne, “extremely, very, too”)

   ‎вне́шний (vnéšnij, “outward, outer”) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎вне́шне (vnéšne, “outwardly, externally, outside, outdoors”)

   ‎дю́жий (djúžij, “hefty; very strong (low colloquial)”) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎дю́же (djúže, “very (colloquial, dialectal)”)

Usage notes

• This ending is always unstressed. In circumstances where it would be stressed, -о (-o) replaces it. Compare хорошо́ (xorošó, “well”) from хоро́ший (xoróšij, “good”), давно́ (davnó, “long ago”) from да́вний (dávnij, “old, ancient, bygone”), etc.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Suffix

-е • (-e)

1. Used to form comparatives from adjectives and adverbs ending in a velar, ie. х г к.

   ‎ти́хий (tíxij, “quiet”) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎ти́ше (tíše, “quieter”)

   ‎ти́хо (tíxo, “quietly”) + ‎-е (-e) → ‎ти́ше (tíše, “more quietly”)

Usage notes

• This ending is always unstressed, and palatalizes the final velar of the stem.
• The endings -ее (-eje) or -е́е (-éje) are used when the stem does not end in a velar.

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ę.

Suffix

-е (Latin spelling -e)

1. Suffix appended to words to create a neuter noun, usually denoting a young animal, plant, place name or is used as a collective noun.

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Suffix

-е (Latin spelling -e)

1. Suffix appended to the truncated stem (up to the second syllable) of a proper name to create a masculine or feminine hypocoristic.

   ‎Катари́на + ‎-е → ‎Ка́те

   ‎Ма̀рија + ‎-е → ‎Ма́ре

   ‎Ју̏ра̄ј + ‎-е → ‎Ју́ре

   ‎Ма̀тија + ‎-е → ‎Ма́те

Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-e, from Proto-Indo-European *-e, not a desinence per se but a thematic vowel in e-grade.

Suffix

-е (Latin spelling -e)

1. Suffix appended to the nominal stem to create vocative singular. Used for masculine and neuter a-stems.

   ‎ву̑к + ‎-е → ‎ву̑че (vocative singular)

See also