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-ивать. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
-ивать, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
-ивать in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
-ивать you have here. The definition of the word
-ивать will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
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Russian
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ивать • (-ivatʹ)
- Used to form imperfective verbs from prefixed perfective verbs in -ить (-itʹ) and sometimes -еть (-etʹ), with iotation of the final consonant.
- оцени́ть pf (ocenítʹ) + -ивать (-ivatʹ) → оце́нивать impf (océnivatʹ)
- сноси́ть pf (snosítʹ) + -ивать (-ivatʹ) → сна́шивать impf (snášivatʹ)
- вы́здороветь pf (výzdorovetʹ) + -ивать (-ivatʹ) → выздора́вливать impf (vyzdorávlivatʹ)
- Used as a spelling variant in place of -ывать (-yvatʹ) to form imperfective verbs from prefixed perfective verbs in -ать (-atʹ), -нуть (-nutʹ) and sometimes -ить (-itʹ) with root-final velars (к г х) and hushing consonants (ш ж ч щ), without iotation of the final consonant.
- вмеша́ться pf (vmešátʹsja) + -ивать (-ivatʹ) → вме́шиваться impf (vméšivatʹsja)
- вы́толкнуть pf (výtolknutʹ) + -ивать (-ivatʹ) → выта́лкивать impf (vytálkivatʹ)
- подскочи́ть pf (podskočítʹ) + -ивать (-ivatʹ) → подска́кивать impf (podskákivatʹ)
- Used to form frequentative verbs from non-prefixed verbs in -ить (-itʹ) and sometimes -еть (-etʹ), with iotation of the final consonant.
- суди́ть impf (sudítʹ, “to judge”) + -ивать (-ivatʹ) → су́живать impf (súživatʹ, “to judge repeatedly”)
- Used as a spelling variant in place of -ывать (-yvatʹ) to form frequentative verbs from non-prefixed verbs in -ать (-atʹ), -нуть (-nutʹ) and sometimes -ить (-itʹ) with root-final velars (к г х) and hushing consonants (ш ж ч щ), without iotation of the final consonant.
Usage notes
The frequentative and imperfectivizing suffixes are etymologically the same. The spelling-variant suffixes can be distinguished from the other suffixes by their iotation behavior, by the restriction of the second type to certain root-final consonants, and by the types of verbs they usually affect. Note also that in the spelling-variant type, an underlying root consonant that has been modified or deleted may reappear, as in подска́кивать impf (podskákivatʹ), based on the root подскок-, which appears in iotated form in подскочи́ть pf (podskočítʹ). For all -ывать (-yvatʹ)/-ивать suffixes, the stress is drawn onto the syllable before the suffix, and an о in that syllable usually changes into а.
Conjugation
Conjugation of -́ивать (class 1a imperfective transitive)
Derived terms
See also
- -я́ть (-játʹ) (another way to form imperfective verbs from prefixed perfective verbs, usually in -ить (-itʹ), and with iotation)
- -а́ть (-átʹ) (spelling variant of the above after hushing consonants (ш ж ч щ), which frequently result from iotation)
- -а́ть (-átʹ) (a different, homophonous suffix used to form imperfective verbs from prefixed perfective verbs of certain classes, without iotation)
- -ва́ть (-vátʹ) (a suffix used to form imperfective verbs from perfective verbs with vowel-final roots, as well as class-1 verbs in -еть (-etʹ))