-ливый

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Russian

Etymology

Probably rebracketed from -ивый (-ivyj) following roots ending in л. Cognate with Belarusian -лі́вы (-lívy). See also -чивый (-čivyj) (presumably rebracketed from roots ending in к or ч).

Pronunciation

Suffix

-ливый or -ли́вый (-livyj or -lívyj)

  1. -y, -ous, etc. (Used to form adjectives from nouns and verbs, with the meaning "having the characteristic of X".)
    сон (son, sleep) + ‎-ли́вый (-lívyj) → ‎сонли́вый (sonlívyj, sleepy)
    трус (trus, coward) + ‎-ли́вый (-lívyj) → ‎трусли́вый (truslívyj, cowardly)
    незада́ча (nezadáča, bad luck) + ‎-ливый (-livyj) → ‎незада́чливый (nezadáčlivyj, unlucky)
    крик (krik, cry, scream, yell) + ‎-ли́вый (-lívyj) → ‎крикли́вый (kriklívyj, loud, piercing; prone to scream)
    сумато́ха (sumatóxa, bustle) + ‎-ливый (-livyj) → ‎сумато́шливый (sumatóšlivyj, bustling, hectic)
    терпе́ть (terpétʹ, to tolerate, to endure) + ‎-ли́вый (-lívyj) → ‎терпели́вый (terpelívyj, patient, enduring)
    услужи́ть (uslužítʹ, to do a service for) + ‎-ливый (-livyj) → ‎услу́жливый (uslúžlivyj, helpful)
    пода́ться (podátʹsja, to move under pressure, to yield) + ‎-ливый (-livyj) → ‎пода́тливый (podátlivyj, pliant, pliable)
    ворча́ть (vorčátʹ, to grumble, to complain) + ‎-ли́вый (-lívyj) → ‎ворчли́вый (vorčlívyj, grumpy)

Usage notes

The suffix tends to cause the Slavic first palatalization of х (converting it to ш), but not of the other velars; compare the examples above of сумато́шливый (sumatóšlivyj) vs. крикли́вый (kriklívyj).

Declension

Derived terms