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-лый. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
-лый, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
-лый in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
-лый you have here. The definition of the word
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Russian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-lъ. Historically identical to the past tense suffix -л (-l).
Pronunciation
Suffix
-лый • (-lyj)
- Suffix used to form adjectives, usually qualitative, from verbs and nouns.
- сметь (smetʹ, “to dare”) + -лый (-lyj) → сме́лый (smélyj, “daring, audacious, brave, courageous”, short accent c')
- круг (krug, “circle”) + -лый (-lyj) → кру́глый (krúglyj, “round”, short accent c')
- хрип (xrip, “wheeze”) + -лый (-lyj) → хри́плый (xríplyj, “hoarse”, short accent a')
- пух (pux, “fluff, originally breath”) + -лый (-lyj) → пу́хлый (púxlyj, “swollen, plump”, short accent c)
- Suffix used to form primary qualitative adjectives from adjectival roots, which may occur without the suffix in related words.
- ки́слый (kíslyj, “sour”, short accent c') (compare ки́снуть (kísnutʹ, “to turn sour”))
- ту́хлый (túxlyj, “rotten and foul-smelling”, short accent c) (compare ту́хнуть (túxnutʹ, “to turn sour”))
Declension
Declension of -лый (short class cʹ)
- This suffix is not productive when forming primary adjectives, and may not be productive when forming adjectives from verbs and nouns.
- Adjectives with this suffix have short forms according to various accent patterns; types c', c and a' are the most common. Unlike -кий (-kij), the short forms are not reducible; no epenthetic vowel appears in the short masculine singular.
See also
Suffix
-лый • (-lyj)
- Suffixed used to form adjectives from (normally intransitive) verbs with the meaning "having X'ed".
- горе́ть (gorétʹ, “to burn (intransitive)”) + -лый (-lyj) → горе́лый (gorélyj, “burnt”)
- блёкнуть (bljóknutʹ, “to fade”) + -лый (-lyj) → блёклый (bljóklyj, “faded”)
- пре- (pre-) + старе́ть (starétʹ, “to become old”) + -лый (-lyj) → престаре́лый (prestarélyj, “aged”)
Usage notes
Adjectives with this suffix have no short forms. Short forms do theoretically exist and will be of class a (-л, -ла, -ло, -лы), but are usually avoided due to their similarity to past-tense forms of the underlying verb.
Declension
Declension of -лый (unknown short forms)
See also
- -аный (-anyj), -ёный (-jónyj), -еный (-enyj) (used to form passive adjectives from transitive verbs)