-ок

Russian

Alternative forms

• -ёк (-jók) (after certain letters, especially paired soft consonants)
• -ек (-ek) (after certain letters)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.

Pronunciation

• -о́к: IPA^(key):
• -ок: IPA^(key):

Suffix

-о́к or -ок • (-ók or -ok)

1. (highly productive) takes male nouns, produces diminutive male nouns, sometimes with further sense development

   ‎дуб (dub, “oak”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎дубо́к (dubók, “oakling, little oak”)

   ‎шум (šum, “noise”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎шумо́к (šumók, “noise”)

   ‎чай (čaj, “tea”) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎чаёк (čajók, “tea”) (colloquial, endearing)

   ‎руче́й (ručéj, “brook”) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎ручеёк (ručejók, “little brook”)

   ‎у́голь (úgolʹ, “coal”) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎уголёк (ugoljók, “ember”)

   ‎у́гол (úgol, “corner”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎уголо́к (ugolók, “corner”)

   ‎пень (penʹ, “stump”) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎пенёк (penjók, “small stump”)

   ‎зверь (zverʹ, “beast”) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎зверёк (zverjók, “little beast”)

   ‎кре́ндель (kréndelʹ, “pretzel”) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎кренделёк (krendeljók, “pretzel”)

   ‎кре́ндель (kréndelʹ, “guy”) (slang, pejorative) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎кренделёк (krendeljók, “guy, dude, bloke”) (slang, pejorative)

   ‎тип (tip, “man, guy”) (colloquial, sometimes pejorative) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎типо́к (tipók, “man, guy”) (colloquial, likely pejorative)

   ‎глаз (glaz, “eye”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎глазо́к (glazók, “peephole”)

   ‎язы́к (jazýk, “tongue”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎язычо́к (jazyčók, “small tongue; uvula; reed (musical)”)

   ‎кула́к (kulák, “cam”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎кулачо́к (kulačók, “small cam; lobe”)

2. (highly productive, takes given name, produces given name, diminutive) paired with -ик (-ik), -ук (-uk), -юк (-juk)

   ‎И́горь (Ígorʹ, “Igor”) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎Игорёк (Igorjók, “little Igor”)

   ‎Са́ша (Sáša, “Sasha”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎Сашо́к (Sašók, “little Sasha”)

   ‎Васили́са (Vasilísa, “Vasilisa”) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎Василёк (Vasiljók, “little Vasilisa”)

3. (productive, colloquial, unstressed, takes verbs, produces nouns) an object that remains after process is done

   ‎обре́зать (obrézatʹ, “to clip, to trim”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎обре́зок (obrézok, “clipping”)

   ‎объед- (obʺjed-, “to eat away”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎объе́док (obʺjédok, “scrap”)

   ‎о- (o-) + ‎кури́ть (kurítʹ, “to smoke”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎оку́рок (okúrok, “butt”)

   ‎наброса́ть (nabrosátʹ, “to sketch”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎набро́сок (nabrósok, “sketch”)

   ‎отпеча́тать (otpečátatʹ, “to imprint”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎отпеча́ток (otpečátok, “mark, fingerprint”)

   ‎слепи́ть (slepítʹ, “to model, to sculpt”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎сле́пок (slépok, “mold”)

4. (animate, takes verbs, produces nouns) agent

   ‎е́здить (jézditʹ, “to ride”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎ездо́к (jezdók, “rider”)

   ‎стреля́ть (streljátʹ, “to shoot”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎стрело́к (strelók, “shooter”)

   ‎знать (znatʹ, “to know”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎знато́к (znatók, “cognoscente”)

5. (takes verbs, produces nouns) a tool or means of an action

   ‎скреб- (skreb-) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎скребо́к (skrebók, “scraper”)

   ‎мани́ть (manítʹ, “to lure”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎мано́к (manók, “bait”)

   ‎пома́зать (pomázatʹ, “to oil, to lubricate”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎помазо́к (pomazók, “shaving brush”)

6. (inanimate, takes verbs, produces nouns) subject of an action

   ‎расти́ (rastí, “to grow”) (past tense рос (ros), compare рост (rost, “growth”)) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎росто́к (rostók, “sprout, shoot”)

   ‎гуде́ть (gudétʹ, “to hoot, to honk”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎гудо́к (gudók, “hooter, car honk”)

   ‎по- (po-) + ‎пла́вать (plávatʹ, “to swim, to float”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎поплаво́к (poplavók, “float”)

7. (takes verbs, produces nouns) place of an action

   ‎ката́ться (katátʹsja, “to ski, to skate”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎като́к (katók, “ice skating rink”)

8. (productive, colloquial, stressed, takes verbs, produces nouns) one occurrence of an action; separate act

   ‎глота́ть (glotátʹ, “to swallow”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎глото́к (glotók, “swallow, gulp”)

   ‎кива́ть (kivátʹ, “to nod, to beckon”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎киво́к (kivók, “nod”)

   ‎зевать (zevatʹ, “to yawn, to gape”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎зево́к (zevók, “yawn, gape”)

   ‎пина́ть (pinátʹ, “to kick”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎пино́к (pinók, “kick”)

   ‎ма́зать (mázatʹ, “to daub, to paint, to oil”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎мазо́к (mazók, “dab, stroke”)

   ‎бро́сить (brósitʹ, “to throw”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎бросо́к (brosók, “throw”)

   ‎скака́ть (skakátʹ, “to jump”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎скачо́к (skačók, “jump, leap”)

   ‎толка́ть (tolkátʹ, “to push”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎толчо́к (tolčók, “push”)

   ‎хло́пать (xlópatʹ, “to clap, to slap”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎хлопо́к (xlopók, “clap, slap”)

   ‎шлёпать (šljópatʹ, “to slap, to smack”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎шлепо́к (šlepók, “slap, smack”)

   ‎звони́ть (zvonítʹ, “to ring”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎звоно́к (zvonók, “bell”)

   ‎греб- (greb-, “to row”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎гребо́к (grebók, “stroke (of an oar)”)

   ‎пры́гать (prýgatʹ, “to jump”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎прыжо́к (pryžók, “jump”)

   ‎кувыр(ка́ться) (kuvyr(kátʹsja), “to somersault”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎кувыро́к (kuvyrók, “roll, somersault”)

   ‎плева́ть (plevátʹ, “to spit”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎плево́к (plevók, “spit”)

9. (takes adjective, produces nouns)

   ‎жёлтый (žóltyj, “yellow”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎желто́к (želtók, “yolk”)

   ‎бе́лый (bélyj, “white”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎бело́к (belók, “egg white; white (of the eye)”)

   ‎бе́лый (bélyj, “white”) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎белёк (beljók, “young seal”)

   ‎ма́лый (mályj, “small”) + ‎-ёк (-jók) → ‎малёк (maljók, “whitebait”)

   ‎ди́кий (díkij, “wild”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎дичо́к (dičók, “wilding”) (botany)

   ‎ми́лый (mílyj, “dear”) + ‎-о́к (-ók) → ‎мило́к (milók, “dear, good man”) (in direct address)

   ‎ва́леный (válenyj, “woolen”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎ва́ленок (válenok, “felt boot”)

   ‎ка́таный (kátanyj, “rolled”) + ‎-ок (-ok) → ‎ка́танок (kátanok, “felt boot”) (colloquial)

10. (with недо-, productive, colloquial, takes nouns, produces nouns) undeveloped or transitional object

    недоу́мок ― nedoúmok ― half-wit, featherbrain

    недопёсок ― nedopjósok ― young polar fox

    недолеток ― nedoletok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    недолисок ― nedolisok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

11. (takes nouns, produces nouns) paired with -иц (-ic), -ица (-ica), -ак (-ak), -ака (-aka), -як (-jak), -яка (-jaka); a piece of, one of them

    крупи́ца ― krupíca ― grain

    мелок ― melok ― chalk

    железя́ка ― železjáka ― piece of iron

12. (takes numeral, produces nouns)

    пято́к ― pjatók ― five (of something)

    деся́ток ― desjátok ― ten (of something)

13. (takes prepositions, produces nouns)

    пре́док ― prédok ― ancestor

14. (unproductive, takes nouns, produces nouns)

    бесце́нок ― bescénok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

15. (with за-, unproductive, takes nouns, produces nouns) an object behind something or in the background

    закры́лок ― zakrýlok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

16. (with за-, unproductive, takes nouns, produces nouns) located behind and look alike

    загорбок ― zagorbok ― upper part of the back (colloquial)

17. (with о-, unproductive, takes nouns, produces nouns) adjacent

    оголовок ― ogolovok ― cap, hatchway

    огузок ― oguzok ― rump

    окосток ― okostok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

18. (with от-, unproductive, takes nouns, produces nouns) separated from, produced by

    отголо́сок ― otgolósok ― echo

    отроек ― otrojek ― distant swarm

    отзимок ― otzimok ― sudden frost in spring

19. (with па-, unproductive, produces nouns) alike, but not equal

    сын → па́сынок ― syn → pásynok ― stepson

    труба́ → па́трубок ― trubá → pátrubok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    дым → падымок ― dym → padymok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    вода́ → па́водок ― vodá → pávodok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    го́лень → паголенок ― gólenʹ → pagolenok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

20. (with пере-, slightly productive, produces nouns) paired with -и (-i); in between, during break (about location or time)

    лес → переле́сок ― les → perelésok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → перелесье ― → perelesʹje ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → перелесица ― → perelesica ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    ше́я → переше́ек ― šéja → perešéjek ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    мир → переми́рие ― mir → peremírije ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → пересменок ― → peresmenok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → переу́лок ― → pereúlok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → переле́сок ― → perelésok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → перелесье ― → perelesʹje ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → пересменок ― → peresmenok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

21. (with пере-, unproductive, produces nouns) paired with -и (-i), -ица (-ica); crossing, intersection

    крест → перекрестье ― krest → perekrestʹje ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    крест → перекрёсток ― krest → perekrjóstok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    путь → перепутье ― putʹ → pereputʹje ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    нос → переносье ― nos → perenosʹje ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    нос → перено́сица ― nos → perenósica ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

22. (with по-, unproductive, produces nouns)

    год → пого́док ― god → pogódok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

23. (with под-, unproductive, produces nouns) beneath

    → подборо́док ― → podboródok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → подгру́док ― → podgrúdok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → подле́сок ― → podlésok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → подкрылок ― → podkrylok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → подра́мок ― → podrámok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → подшёрсток ― → podšórstok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → подпе́чек ― → podpéček ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

24. (with под-, unproductive, produces nouns) paired with -ик (-ik), -ник (-nik); undeveloped animal or object

    груздь → подгруздок ― gruzdʹ → podgruzdok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    лиса → подлисок ― lisa → podlisok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    язь → подъя́зок ― jazʹ → podʺjázok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    язь → подъязик ― jazʹ → podʺjazik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → подсвинок ― → podsvinok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → подтелок ― → podtelok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → подлещик ― → podleščik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → подъёршик ― → podʺjóršik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → подорлик ― → podorlik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → подсумок ― → podsumok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → подпилок ― → podpilok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → подголосок ― → podgolosok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    пасту́х → подпа́сок ― pastúx → podpások ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    судья́ → подсу́док ― sudʹjá → podsúdok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    часово́й → подчасок ― časovój → podčasok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    кула́к → подкула́чник ― kulák → podkuláčnik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    Кума → Подкумок ― Kuma → Podkumok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

25. (with пред-, unproductive, produces nouns)

    → предкры́лок ― → predkrýlok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

26. (with при-, unproductive, produces nouns) paired with -ник (-nik), -ень (-enʹ); adjacent

    → прилистник ― → prilistnik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → прицветник ― → pricvetnik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → приямок ― → prijamok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → приго́рок ― → prigórok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → приселок ― → priselok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → привратник ― → privratnik ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → при́хвостень ― → príxvostenʹ ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

27. (with при-, unproductive, produces nouns) paired with -ка (-ka); adjacent

    → присту́пок ― → pristúpok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → присту́пка ― → pristúpka ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → ступе́нь ― → stupénʹ ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

28. (with про-, unproductive, produces nouns) in between

    → просте́нок ― → prosténok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → пролесок ― → prolesok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → прожи́лок ― → prožílok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → просёлок ― → prosjólok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → проу́лок ― → proúlok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

29. (with су-, unproductive, produces nouns)

    → сугли́нок ― → suglínok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

30. (with о- и об-, unproductive, produces nouns) paired with -ки (-ki) (plurale tantum), -j, -ина (-ina)

    кури́ть → оку́рок ― kurítʹ → okúrok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    горе́ть → ога́рок ― gorétʹ → ogárok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    мылить → обмы́лок ― mylitʹ → obmýlok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    коло́ть → оско́лок ― kolótʹ → oskólok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    есть → объе́док ― jestʹ → obʺjédok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    пить → опи́вки ― pitʹ → opívki ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    пили́ть → опи́лки ― pilítʹ → opílki ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    коси́ть → око́сье ― kosítʹ → okósʹje ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    кали́ть → ока́лина ― kalítʹ → okálina ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

31. (unproductive, produces nouns) overdone, with a negative outcome

    ста́рый → переста́рок ― stáryj → perestárok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

32. (unproductive, animate or inanimate, produces nouns) subject with a qualifier in the first stem

    → первого́док ― → pervogódok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → одного́док ― → odnogódok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → полуго́док ― → polugódok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → полукро́вок ― → polukróvok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → малоле́ток ― → malolétok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → одноле́ток ― → odnolétok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → трехле́ток ― → trexlétok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → одномерок ― → odnomerok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → маломерок ― → malomerok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → четырехстенок ― → četyrexstenok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → пятистенок ― → pjatistenok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → перволёдок ― → pervoljódok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → первопу́ток ― → pervopútok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → полушу́бок ― → polušúbok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → полуша́лок ― → polušálok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    → полуста́нок ― → polustánok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    шаль → полуша́лок ― šalʹ → polušálok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    путь → первопу́ток ― putʹ → pervopútok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    ста́нция → полуста́нок ― stáncija → polustánok ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

See also

• -ик (-ik)

References

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-ок (Latin spelling -ok)

1. Suffix appended to the present stem of verbs to form an adjective denoting a feature or a dimension.

See also

• -ак
• -ек