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-ский. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
-ский, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
-ский in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
-ский you have here. The definition of the word
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Russian
Alternative forms
- -ьский (-ʹskij) (after /л/), -йский (-jskij) (after a vowel), -цкий (-ckij) (with stems in /к/ and /ц/)
- -ско́й (-skój) (when stressed), -ьско́й (-ʹskój) (when stressed after /л/), -цко́й (-ckój) (when stressed with stems in /к/ and /ц/, unproductive)
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьskъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key):
- IPA(key): (obsolete Moscow norm; nearly extinct since the mid-20th century)
Suffix
-ский • (-skij)
- Used to form adjectives from nouns or sometimes other adjectives, often relational (meaning "related to X"): -ian, -ic, -ish
- А́нглия (Ánglija, “England”) + -ский (-skij) → англи́йский (anglíjskij, “English”)
- Русь (Rusʹ, “Rus”) + -ский (-skij) → ру́сский (rússkij, “Russian”)
- ара́б (aráb, “Arab”) + -ский (-skij) → ара́бский (arábskij, “Arabic, Arabian, Arab”)
- изда́тель (izdátelʹ, “publisher”) + -ский (-skij) → изда́тельский (izdátelʹskij, “publisher (relational)”)
- депута́т (deputát, “deputy”) + -ский (-skij) → депута́тский (deputátskij, “deputy (relational)”)
- зверь (zverʹ, “beast; brute”) + -ский (-skij) → зве́рский (zvérskij, “brutal, savage”)
- геро́й (gerój, “hero”) + -ский (-skij) → геро́йский (gerójskij, “heroic”)
- монго́л (mongól, “Mongol”) + ьский (ʹskij) → монго́льский (mongólʹskij, “Mongolian”)
Usage notes
- Historically triggered the first Slavic palatalisation, cf. гре́цкий (gréckij), оне́жский (onéžskij), че́шский (čéšskij). However, in the modern literary language it has been replaced by the Church Slavonic variant -еский (-eskij) in most old formations. In modern formations, -ский after unmodified velars is used, e. g. ба́скский (báskskij), стра́сбургский (strásburgskij), каза́хский (kazáxskij).
- Always triggers palatalisation for stems in /л/.
- The adverb is -ски (-ski).
- Historically pronounced as an unstressed -ской (-skoj) and sometimes also spelled as such. In early modern poetry, such as in Pushkin, rhyming of -ский (-skij) with -ой can be found. This pronunciation became obsolete during the 20th century.
Declension
Declension of -ский (no short forms)
Derived terms
Related terms